Index
What that word on your label means
The name printed on your jar is usually not the name you would search for. Type it here and find out what it is.
No scores, no rankings, no list of things to avoid. Only what the word on your label means.
INCI names are the standard names used on cosmetics worldwide. E numbers are the European codes for food additives.
Confectioner's glaze A resin secreted by the lac insect, used for the shine on sweets, chocolate and tablets.
Lecithin An emulsifier extracted from soybeans, used to stop ingredients separating.
Sodium caseinate The main protein in milk, and the part that curdles to make cheese.
E202 A preservative that stops mould and yeast growing in food, drinks and cosmetics.
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1,2-propanediol Propylene glycol
A synthetic liquid that holds moisture and carries flavours, used in food, cosmetics and medicines.
E1520 · INCI Propylene Glycol · humectant · 21 CFR 184.1666
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
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1,3,7-trimethylxanthine Caffeine
A stimulant that occurs naturally in coffee, tea and cocoa and is added to drinks and supplements.
stimulant · 21 CFR 182.1180
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
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1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxygalactopyranoside Sucralose
A sweetener made by replacing three groups on a sugar molecule with chlorine, several hundred times sweeter than sugar.
E955 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.831
Food, Supplements
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1,7-heptanedicarboxylic acid Azelaic acid
A dicarboxylic acid found in grains and made by skin yeast, used at 15 to 20 percent on acne and rosacea.
INCI Azelaic Acid · skin active
Cosmetics
-
2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate Octocrylene
An organic UVB filter commonly included to keep avobenzone from breaking down in light.
INCI Octocrylene · UV filter
Cosmetics
-
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid Citric acid
The sour acid of citrus fruit, made industrially by fermentation and used for tartness and pH control.
E330 · INCI Citric Acid · acidity regulator · 21 CFR 184.1033
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
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2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone Oxybenzone
An organic ultraviolet filter that is measurably absorbed into blood after ordinary sunscreen use.
INCI Benzophenone-3 · UV filter · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid Lactic acid
An acid used to preserve food and adjust pH, usually fermented from plant sugars despite the dairy-sounding name.
E270 · INCI Lactic Acid · acidity regulator · 21 CFR 184.1061
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
2-Phenoxyethanol Phenoxyethanol
A preservative used in cosmetics, permitted in Europe at up to one percent.
INCI Phenoxyethanol · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
3-Pyridinecarboxamide Niacinamide
A form of vitamin B3 used in skincare, which raises the skin's own ceramide and fatty acid production.
INCI Niacinamide · skin active · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
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4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol Eugenol
The main aromatic compound in clove, used as fragrance and flavouring, and a recognised contact allergen.
INCI Eugenol · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
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4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde Vanillin
The compound that makes vanilla taste of vanilla, produced from beans, wood pulp or by synthesis.
flavouring · 21 CFR 169.175
Food, Cosmetics
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β-Carotene Beta-carotene
The orange pigment of carrots, used as a colour and converted by the body into vitamin A.
E160a · colour · 21 CFR 73.95
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
A
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Acacia gum Gum arabic
Dried sap from acacia trees, used to stop drinks separating and to hold sweets and inks together.
E414 · INCI Acacia Senegal Gum · stabiliser · 21 CFR 184.1330
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
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Acacia Senegal Gum INCI name Gum arabic
Dried sap from acacia trees, used to stop drinks separating and to hold sweets and inks together.
E414 · INCI Acacia Senegal Gum · stabiliser · 21 CFR 184.1330
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
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Ace-K Acesulfame potassium
A sweetener about two hundred times sweeter than sugar, permitted in the US as both a sweetener and a flavour enhancer.
E950 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.800
Food, Supplements
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Acesulfame K Acesulfame potassium
A sweetener about two hundred times sweeter than sugar, permitted in the US as both a sweetener and a flavour enhancer.
E950 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.800
Food, Supplements
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A sweetener about two hundred times sweeter than sugar, permitted in the US as both a sweetener and a flavour enhancer.
E950 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.800
Food, Supplements
-
Acesulfame potassium salt Acesulfame potassium
A sweetener about two hundred times sweeter than sugar, permitted in the US as both a sweetener and a flavour enhancer.
E950 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.800
Food, Supplements
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Achiote Annatto
An orange-yellow colour extracted from the seed of the achiote shrub, used in cheese and butter.
E160b · colour · 21 CFR 73.30
Food, Cosmetics
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Acid whey Whey
The milk protein that stays in the liquid when milk is curdled for cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 184.1979
Food, Supplements
-
Acid Yellow 23 Tartrazine
A synthetic yellow colouring, used in drinks, sweets and desserts.
E102 · colour
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
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ADA Azodicarbonamide
A flour treatment and dough conditioner permitted in US baking at up to 45 parts per million of flour.
flour treatment · 21 CFR 172.806
Food
-
Adeps lanae Lanolin
Wax from sheep wool, used to soften and seal skin, and a recognised contact allergen.
INCI Lanolin · emollient · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
A setting agent extracted from red seaweed, firmer than gelatin and stable at room temperature.
E406 · gelling agent · 21 CFR 184.1115
Food, Supplements
-
Agar-agar Agar
A setting agent extracted from red seaweed, firmer than gelatin and stable at room temperature.
E406 · gelling agent · 21 CFR 184.1115
Food, Supplements
-
AHA Glycolic acid
The smallest alpha hydroxy acid, used to loosen and shed the outer layer of skin.
INCI Glycolic Acid · exfoliant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Ajinomoto Monosodium glutamate
A flavour enhancer made by fermentation, and the sodium salt of an amino acid found in tomatoes and cheese.
E621 · flavour enhancer · 21 CFR 101.22
Food
-
Albumen Egg
A major food allergen with no labelling exemptions, so every derivative it appears in must be declared.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
A soothing skin protectant drug active permitted at 0.5 to 2 percent.
INCI Allantoin · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
A monosaccharide absorbed but barely metabolised, left out of the sugar line on US labels by FDA decision.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Allulose syrup Allulose
A liquid preparation of allulose, often blended with other sweeteners.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Allura Red AC Red 40
A synthetic red colour certified batch by batch in the US, carrying a warning statement requirement in the EU.
E129 · colour · 21 CFR 74.340
Food, Supplements
-
Almond Tree nuts
A group of nuts from trees, treated as one allergen in law though people react to specific species.
nut · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Alpha hydroxy acid Glycolic acid
The smallest alpha hydroxy acid, used to loosen and shed the outer layer of skin.
INCI Glycolic Acid · exfoliant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Alpha-tocopherol Tocopherols
Vitamin E used as an antioxidant, extracted from plant oils or made synthetically.
E306 · INCI Tocopherol · antioxidant · 21 CFR 184.1890
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
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Aluminium dihydroxy allantoinate Allantoin
A soothing skin protectant drug active permitted at 0.5 to 2 percent.
INCI Allantoin · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Amidated pectin Pectin
Pectin chemically modified to set with less sugar. Still plant-derived, and carries its own code, E440(ii).
E440 · gelling agent · 21 CFR 184.1588
Food, Supplements
-
Amino silicone Amodimethicone
An amino-functional silicone that binds to damaged areas of the hair shaft and needs a strong surfactant to remove.
INCI Amodimethicone · conditioner · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Amino-functional silicone Amodimethicone
An amino-functional silicone that binds to damaged areas of the hair shaft and needs a strong surfactant to remove.
INCI Amodimethicone · conditioner · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Ammonia caramel Caramel colour
Caramel made with the ammonium compounds the regulation permits as caramelisation aids, rather than by heat and acid alone.
E150 · INCI Caramel · colour · 21 CFR 73.85
Food, Cosmetics
-
Ammonium saccharin Saccharin
The oldest artificial sweetener, restricted by US regulation to special dietary foods at fixed milligram limits.
E954 · sweetener · 21 CFR 180.37
Food, Supplements
-
An amino-functional silicone that binds to damaged areas of the hair shaft and needs a strong surfactant to remove.
INCI Amodimethicone · conditioner · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Amorphous silica Silicon dioxide
A mineral powder that stops other powders clumping, chemically the same family as sand and quartz.
E551 · INCI Silica · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 172.480
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
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Anhydrous citric acid Citric acid
The sour acid of citrus fruit, made industrially by fermentation and used for tartness and pH control.
E330 · INCI Citric Acid · acidity regulator · 21 CFR 184.1033
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
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Animal rennet Rennet
Rennet extracted from the stomach of a calf, kid or lamb, rather than made by fermentation.
enzyme · 21 CFR 184.1685
Food
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An orange-yellow colour extracted from the seed of the achiote shrub, used in cheese and butter.
E160b · colour · 21 CFR 73.30
Food, Cosmetics
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Annatto extract Annatto
An orange-yellow colour extracted from the seed of the achiote shrub, used in cheese and butter.
E160b · colour · 21 CFR 73.30
Food, Cosmetics
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Apple pectin Pectin
The substance that makes jam set, extracted from citrus peel and apple pomace.
E440 · gelling agent · 21 CFR 184.1588
Food, Supplements
-
Arabic gum Gum arabic
Dried sap from acacia trees, used to stop drinks separating and to hold sweets and inks together.
E414 · INCI Acacia Senegal Gum · stabiliser · 21 CFR 184.1330
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
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Arachis hypogaea Peanut
A legume, not a tree nut, and one of the nine major food allergens that must be declared by name.
legume · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
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Arachis oil Peanut
A legume, not a tree nut, and one of the nine major food allergens that must be declared by name.
legume · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
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The most studied topical form of vitamin C, whose effect depends on a concentration and pH the label omits.
E300 · INCI Ascorbic Acid · antioxidant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food, Supplements
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Ascorbyl glucoside Ascorbic acid
The most studied topical form of vitamin C, whose effect depends on a concentration and pH the label omits.
E300 · INCI Ascorbic Acid · antioxidant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food, Supplements
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Ascorbyl palmitate Ascorbic acid
An oil-soluble vitamin C derivative, stable but poorly evidenced for raising skin vitamin C.
E300 · INCI Ascorbic Acid · antioxidant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food, Supplements
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A low-calorie sweetener made from two amino acids, used where sugar would add bulk or calories.
E951 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.804
Food, Supplements
-
Aspartyl-phenylalanine methyl ester Aspartame
A low-calorie sweetener made from two amino acids, used where sugar would add bulk or calories.
E951 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.804
Food, Supplements
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Avena Sativa Kernel Flour INCI name Colloidal oatmeal
Finely milled oat used to soothe irritated skin, listed as an over-the-counter skin protectant.
INCI Avena Sativa Kernel Flour · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
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Avena Sativa Kernel Oil Colloidal oatmeal
Oil pressed from oat rather than the milled kernel. A different ingredient from the same plant.
INCI Avena Sativa Kernel Flour · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
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An organic UVA filter that degrades in sunlight unless a formula includes stabilising ingredients.
INCI Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane · UV filter
Cosmetics
-
AzA Azelaic acid
A dicarboxylic acid found in grains and made by skin yeast, used at 15 to 20 percent on acne and rosacea.
INCI Azelaic Acid · skin active
Cosmetics
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A dicarboxylic acid found in grains and made by skin yeast, used at 15 to 20 percent on acne and rosacea.
INCI Azelaic Acid · skin active
Cosmetics
-
Azelaic acid 15% gel Azelaic acid
A prescription-strength gel formulation, the concentration most studied for rosacea.
INCI Azelaic Acid · skin active
Cosmetics
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Azobisformamide Azodicarbonamide
A flour treatment and dough conditioner permitted in US baking at up to 45 parts per million of flour.
flour treatment · 21 CFR 172.806
Food
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A flour treatment and dough conditioner permitted in US baking at up to 45 parts per million of flour.
flour treatment · 21 CFR 172.806
Food
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Azoformamide Azodicarbonamide
A flour treatment and dough conditioner permitted in US baking at up to 45 parts per million of flour.
flour treatment · 21 CFR 172.806
Food
B
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B-12 Cyanocobalamin
The manufactured form of vitamin B12, grown from bacterial cultures rather than extracted from animals.
nutrient · 21 CFR 184.1945
Supplements, Food
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A natural resin used in fragrance and flavouring, and a major contact allergen tested as a mixture.
INCI Myroxylon Pereirae Resin · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
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Balsam of Tolu Balsam of Peru
A related resin from the same genus, sometimes cross-reacting.
INCI Myroxylon Pereirae Resin · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
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Balsam Peru Balsam of Peru
A natural resin used in fragrance and flavouring, and a major contact allergen tested as a mixture.
INCI Myroxylon Pereirae Resin · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
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Barley malt Barley malt extract
A sweetener and flavouring made from sprouted barley, which is one of the gluten grains.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.91
Food
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A sweetener and flavouring made from sprouted barley, which is one of the gluten grains.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.91
Food
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The wax bees build honeycomb from, used to glaze sweets and to give body to balms.
E901 · INCI Cera Alba · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1973
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
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Beeswax absolute Beeswax
The wax bees build honeycomb from, used to glaze sweets and to give body to balms.
E901 · INCI Cera Alba · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1973
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
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A broad-spectrum ultraviolet filter added to the US sunscreen monograph in June 2026 at up to 6 percent.
INCI Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine · UV filter
Cosmetics
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Bemotrizinol 6% Bemotrizinol
The maximum concentration permitted under the amended US monograph.
INCI Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine · UV filter
Cosmetics
-
BEMT Bemotrizinol
A broad-spectrum ultraviolet filter added to the US sunscreen monograph in June 2026 at up to 6 percent.
INCI Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine · UV filter
Cosmetics
-
Benne Sesame
A seed that became the ninth US major food allergen, declared by name on packaged food since 2023.
seed
Food
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Benzoate of soda Sodium benzoate
A preservative that stops mould and yeast in acidic foods, made by neutralising benzoic acid.
E211 · INCI Sodium Benzoate · preservative · 21 CFR 184.1733
Food, Cosmetics
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Benzoic acid Sodium benzoate
The parent acid, E210, which occurs naturally in cranberries and cinnamon. Related but not the same additive.
E211 · INCI Sodium Benzoate · preservative · 21 CFR 184.1733
Food, Cosmetics
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Benzoic acid, sodium salt Sodium benzoate
A preservative that stops mould and yeast in acidic foods, made by neutralising benzoic acid.
E211 · INCI Sodium Benzoate · preservative · 21 CFR 184.1733
Food, Cosmetics
-
Benzophenone-3 INCI name Oxybenzone
An organic ultraviolet filter that is measurably absorbed into blood after ordinary sunscreen use.
INCI Benzophenone-3 · UV filter · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Benzophenone-4 Oxybenzone
A related but distinct filter, more water soluble, used mainly to protect formulas rather than skin.
INCI Benzophenone-3 · UV filter · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Benzosulfimide Saccharin
The oldest artificial sweetener, restricted by US regulation to special dietary foods at fixed milligram limits.
E954 · sweetener · 21 CFR 180.37
Food, Supplements
-
An acne treatment at a stated strength, and separately a bleaching agent used on flour and cheese milk.
INCI Benzoyl Peroxide · acne active · 21 CFR 333.310
Cosmetics, Food
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Benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate Benzyl salicylate
A floral-smelling fragrance material, and one of the fragrance allergens EU labels must name individually.
INCI Benzyl Salicylate · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
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A floral-smelling fragrance material, and one of the fragrance allergens EU labels must name individually.
INCI Benzyl Salicylate · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Beta carotene Beta-carotene
The orange pigment of carrots, used as a colour and converted by the body into vitamin A.
E160a · colour · 21 CFR 73.95
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
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Beta hydroxy acid Salicylic acid
An acid that loosens the material blocking pores, used in acne and exfoliating products.
INCI Salicylic Acid · exfoliant
Cosmetics
-
The orange pigment of carrots, used as a colour and converted by the body into vitamin A.
E160a · colour · 21 CFR 73.95
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Beta-linalool Linalool
A floral-smelling terpene alcohol whose oxidation products are the recognised contact allergens.
INCI Linalool · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
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An antioxidant that stops fats going rancid, used in cereals, snacks and cosmetics.
E320 · INCI BHA · antioxidant · 21 CFR 172.110
Food, Cosmetics
-
BHA Salicylic acid
An acid that loosens the material blocking pores, used in acne and exfoliating products.
INCI Salicylic Acid · exfoliant
Cosmetics
-
BHT BHA
Butylated hydroxytoluene, E321, a related antioxidant often used alongside BHA. Not on the same carcinogen listing.
E320 · INCI BHA · antioxidant · 21 CFR 172.110
Food, Cosmetics
-
An antioxidant used at up to 0.02 percent of a food's fat content to stop fats going rancid.
E321 · antioxidant · 21 CFR 182.3173
Food, Cosmetics
-
A B vitamin needed in very small amounts, sold at high doses for hair and known to interfere with some blood tests.
nutrient · 21 CFR 310.527
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
Biotine Biotin
A B vitamin needed in very small amounts, sold at high doses for hair and known to interfere with some blood tests.
nutrient · 21 CFR 310.527
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
Birch sugar Xylitol
A sugar alcohol as sweet as sugar, used in gum and toothpaste, which mouth bacteria cannot ferment.
E967 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.395
Food, Supplements
-
Bis-aminopropyl dimethicone Amodimethicone
An amino-functional silicone that binds to damaged areas of the hair shaft and needs a strong surfactant to remove.
INCI Amodimethicone · conditioner · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine INCI name Bemotrizinol
A broad-spectrum ultraviolet filter added to the US sunscreen monograph in June 2026 at up to 6 percent.
INCI Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine · UV filter
Cosmetics
-
Bis(2-pyridylthio)zinc 1,1'-dioxide Pyrithione zinc
The chemical name used in the drug regulations.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
Bixin Annatto
An orange-yellow colour extracted from the seed of the achiote shrub, used in cheese and butter.
E160b · colour · 21 CFR 73.30
Food, Cosmetics
-
Bleaching agent Benzoyl peroxide
Its separate role in food, where it whitens flour and the milk used for certain cheeses.
INCI Benzoyl Peroxide · acne active · 21 CFR 333.310
Cosmetics, Food
-
BMDBM Avobenzone
An organic UVA filter that degrades in sunlight unless a formula includes stabilising ingredients.
INCI Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane · UV filter
Cosmetics
-
Bovine collagen Collagen
Collagen taken from cattle hide or bone.
protein · 21 CFR 101.36
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
Bovine gelatin Gelatin
Gelatin made specifically from cattle.
gelling agent · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
BP-3 Oxybenzone
An organic ultraviolet filter that is measurably absorbed into blood after ordinary sunscreen use.
INCI Benzophenone-3 · UV filter · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
BPO Benzoyl peroxide
An acne treatment at a stated strength, and separately a bleaching agent used on flour and cheese milk.
INCI Benzoyl Peroxide · acne active · 21 CFR 333.310
Cosmetics, Food
-
Brazil nut Tree nuts
A group of nuts from trees, treated as one allergen in law though people react to specific species.
nut · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Brazil nut extract Selenium
A supplement form, and the food source with by far the highest selenium content.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Brazil wax Carnauba wax
A hard wax from the leaves of a Brazilian palm, used to put a shine on sweets and pills.
E903 · INCI Copernicia Cerifera Cera · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1978
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Bromate Potassium bromate
A flour treatment agent permitted in US bromated flour at up to 50 parts per million.
flour treatment · 21 CFR 137.155
Food
-
Bromated flour Potassium bromate
A flour treatment agent permitted in US bromated flour at up to 50 parts per million.
flour treatment · 21 CFR 137.155
Food
-
Brominated olive oil Brominated vegetable oil
One of the vegetable oils historically brominated for this purpose.
emulsifier
Food
-
Brominated soybean oil Brominated vegetable oil
A vegetable oil modified with bromine, formerly used to keep flavour oils suspended in fruit-flavoured drinks.
emulsifier
Food
-
A vegetable oil modified with bromine, formerly used to keep flavour oils suspended in fruit-flavoured drinks.
emulsifier
Food
-
Brominated vegetable oils Brominated vegetable oil
A vegetable oil modified with bromine, formerly used to keep flavour oils suspended in fruit-flavoured drinks.
emulsifier
Food
-
Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane INCI name Avobenzone
An organic UVA filter that degrades in sunlight unless a formula includes stabilising ingredients.
INCI Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane · UV filter
Cosmetics
-
An antioxidant that stops fats going rancid, used in cereals, snacks and cosmetics.
E320 · INCI BHA · antioxidant · 21 CFR 172.110
Food, Cosmetics
-
An antioxidant used at up to 0.02 percent of a food's fat content to stop fats going rancid.
E321 · antioxidant · 21 CFR 182.3173
Food, Cosmetics
-
Butylparaben Parabens
A family of preservatives used in cosmetics at fractions of a percent to stop bacteria and mould.
INCI Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
BVO Brominated vegetable oil
A vegetable oil modified with bromine, formerly used to keep flavour oils suspended in fruit-flavoured drinks.
emulsifier
Food
C
-
A stimulant that occurs naturally in coffee, tea and cocoa and is added to drinks and supplements.
stimulant · 21 CFR 182.1180
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Caffeine anhydrous Caffeine
A stimulant that occurs naturally in coffee, tea and cocoa and is added to drinks and supplements.
stimulant · 21 CFR 182.1180
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
A calcium mineral used as a supplement, an antacid, a whitener and a bulking agent.
E170 · INCI Calcium Carbonate · mineral · 21 CFR 184.1191
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Calcium caseinate Casein
The main protein in milk, and the part that curdles to make cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Calcium caseinate Caseinates
Milk protein combined with sodium, calcium or potassium so that it dissolves in liquid.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Calcium lactate Lactic acid
The calcium salt, E327, used to firm canned fruit and to fortify. Same origin question.
E270 · INCI Lactic Acid · acidity regulator · 21 CFR 184.1061
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Calcium saccharin Saccharin
The oldest artificial sweetener, restricted by US regulation to special dietary foods at fixed milligram limits.
E954 · sweetener · 21 CFR 180.37
Food, Supplements
-
Canderel Aspartame
A low-calorie sweetener made from two amino acids, used where sugar would add bulk or calories.
E951 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.804
Food, Supplements
-
Candy glaze Shellac
A resin secreted by the lac insect, used for the shine on sweets, chocolate and tablets.
E904 · glazing agent
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
CAPB Cocamidopropyl betaine
A coconut-derived surfactant used in gentle and sulfate-free cleansers, and a recognised patch test allergen.
INCI Cocamidopropyl Betaine · surfactant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Caramel INCI name Caramel colour
A brown colouring made by heating a sugar, used in cola, sauces, bread and spirits.
E150 · INCI Caramel · colour · 21 CFR 73.85
Food, Cosmetics
-
Caramel color Caramel colour
A brown colouring made by heating a sugar, used in cola, sauces, bread and spirits.
E150 · INCI Caramel · colour · 21 CFR 73.85
Food, Cosmetics
-
A brown colouring made by heating a sugar, used in cola, sauces, bread and spirits.
E150 · INCI Caramel · colour · 21 CFR 73.85
Food, Cosmetics
-
A red colour made from crushed cochineal insects.
E120 · colour · 21 CFR 73.100
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Carminic acid Carmine
The red pigment itself, extracted from cochineal insects before it is made into carmine.
E120 · colour · 21 CFR 73.100
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Carnauba Carnauba wax
A hard wax from the leaves of a Brazilian palm, used to put a shine on sweets and pills.
E903 · INCI Copernicia Cerifera Cera · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1978
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
A hard wax from the leaves of a Brazilian palm, used to put a shine on sweets and pills.
E903 · INCI Copernicia Cerifera Cera · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1978
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Carotene Beta-carotene
The orange pigment of carrots, used as a colour and converted by the body into vitamin A.
E160a · colour · 21 CFR 73.95
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Carrageen Carrageenan
A gelling and thickening extract from red seaweed, and the usual plant answer to gelatin.
E407 · thickener · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
A gelling and thickening extract from red seaweed, and the usual plant answer to gelatin.
E407 · thickener · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
The main protein in milk, and the part that curdles to make cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Casein hydrolysate Casein
The main protein in milk, and the part that curdles to make cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Caseinate Casein
The main protein in milk, and the part that curdles to make cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Caseinate Caseinates
Milk protein combined with sodium, calcium or potassium so that it dissolves in liquid.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Milk protein combined with sodium, calcium or potassium so that it dissolves in liquid.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Cashew Tree nuts
A group of nuts from trees, treated as one allergen in law though people react to specific species.
nut · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Celery powder Sodium nitrite
A natural nitrate source used to cure meat. Bacteria convert it to nitrite, so the meat is cured, but the label may say uncured.
E250 · preservative · 21 CFR 172.175
Food
-
Cellulose Hypromellose
A cellulose derivative made from plants, used for capsule shells and to coat tablets.
E464 · film former · 21 CFR 172.874
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
-
Cera Alba INCI name Beeswax
The wax bees build honeycomb from, used to glaze sweets and to give body to balms.
E901 · INCI Cera Alba · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1973
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Cera flava Beeswax
The wax bees build honeycomb from, used to glaze sweets and to give body to balms.
E901 · INCI Cera Alba · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1973
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Ceramide 1 Ceramides
Lipids that make up much of the skin barrier, alongside fatty acids and cholesterol.
INCI Ceramide NP · lipid · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Ceramide 3 Ceramides
Lipids that make up much of the skin barrier, alongside fatty acids and cholesterol.
INCI Ceramide NP · lipid · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Ceramide 6-II Ceramides
Lipids that make up much of the skin barrier, alongside fatty acids and cholesterol.
INCI Ceramide NP · lipid · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Ceramide AP Ceramides
Lipids that make up much of the skin barrier, alongside fatty acids and cholesterol.
INCI Ceramide NP · lipid · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Ceramide EOP Ceramides
Lipids that make up much of the skin barrier, alongside fatty acids and cholesterol.
INCI Ceramide NP · lipid · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Ceramide NP INCI name Ceramides
Lipids that make up much of the skin barrier, alongside fatty acids and cholesterol.
INCI Ceramide NP · lipid · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Lipids that make up much of the skin barrier, alongside fatty acids and cholesterol.
INCI Ceramide NP · lipid · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Chalk Calcium carbonate
A calcium mineral used as a supplement, an antacid, a whitener and a bulking agent.
E170 · INCI Calcium Carbonate · mineral · 21 CFR 184.1191
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Cholecalciferol Vitamin D3
The animal-derived form of vitamin D, against D2 which is made from yeast and fungi.
vitamin · 21 CFR 184.1950
Supplements, Food
-
Chymosin Rennet
The enzyme that curdles milk into cheese, taken from a calf stomach or produced by fermentation.
enzyme · 21 CFR 184.1685
Food
-
CI 16035 Colour Index Red 40
A synthetic red colour certified batch by batch in the US, carrying a warning statement requirement in the EU.
E129 · colour · 21 CFR 74.340
Food, Supplements
-
CI 19140 Colour Index Tartrazine
A synthetic yellow colouring, used in drinks, sweets and desserts.
E102 · colour
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
CI 40800 Colour Index Beta-carotene
The orange pigment of carrots, used as a colour and converted by the body into vitamin A.
E160a · colour · 21 CFR 73.95
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
CI 45430 Colour Index Red 3
A synthetic pink-red colour whose US food listing was revoked in 2025, taking effect in 2027.
E127 · colour · 21 CFR 74.303
Food, Supplements
-
CI 75120 Colour Index Annatto
An orange-yellow colour extracted from the seed of the achiote shrub, used in cheese and butter.
E160b · colour · 21 CFR 73.30
Food, Cosmetics
-
CI 75130 Colour Index Beta-carotene
The orange pigment of carrots, used as a colour and converted by the body into vitamin A.
E160a · colour · 21 CFR 73.95
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
CI 75470 Colour Index Carmine
A red colour made from crushed cochineal insects.
E120 · colour · 21 CFR 73.100
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
CI 77220 Colour Index Calcium carbonate
The colour index number for calcium carbonate when it is used as a white pigment in cosmetics.
E170 · INCI Calcium Carbonate · mineral · 21 CFR 184.1191
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
CI 77718 Colour Index Talc
A mined magnesium silicate used in powders and cosmetics, from deposits that can also contain asbestos.
INCI Talc · absorbent · 21 CFR 73.1550
Cosmetics
-
CI 77891 Colour Index Titanium dioxide
A bright white pigment, also used as the mineral filter in some sunscreens.
E171 · colour
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
CI 77947 Colour Index Zinc oxide
The colour index number for zinc oxide when it is used as a white pigment rather than as an active.
INCI Zinc Oxide · UV filter · 21 CFR 347.3
Cosmetics
-
Citrene Limonene
A citrus-scented terpene whose oxidation products, rather than the molecule itself, are the recognised contact allergens.
INCI Limonene · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
The sour acid of citrus fruit, made industrially by fermentation and used for tartness and pH control.
E330 · INCI Citric Acid · acidity regulator · 21 CFR 184.1033
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Citric acid monohydrate Citric acid
The sour acid of citrus fruit, made industrially by fermentation and used for tartness and pH control.
E330 · INCI Citric Acid · acidity regulator · 21 CFR 184.1033
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Citronellol Geraniol
A closely related rose-note alcohol, often present alongside it and tested separately.
INCI Geraniol · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Citrus paradisi Grapefruit
A citrus fruit that slows the enzyme clearing many medicines, raising their levels in the blood.
food
Food, Supplements
-
Citrus pectin Pectin
The substance that makes jam set, extracted from citrus peel and apple pomace.
E440 · gelling agent · 21 CFR 184.1588
Food, Supplements
-
Citrus peel oil Limonene
A citrus-scented terpene whose oxidation products, rather than the molecule itself, are the recognised contact allergens.
INCI Limonene · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Clear honey Honey
Sugar made by bees. Guidance in every market is that it is not given to a child under twelve months.
sweetener
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Clotting enzymes Enzymes
A collective label term covering enzymes from animal, plant or microbial sources, with no way to tell which.
processing aid · 21 CFR 133.106
Food, Supplements
-
Clove oil Eugenol
The main aromatic compound in clove, used as fragrance and flavouring, and a recognised contact allergen.
INCI Eugenol · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Coagulant Rennet
The enzyme that curdles milk into cheese, taken from a calf stomach or produced by fermentation.
enzyme · 21 CFR 184.1685
Food
-
A drug active for dandruff and psoriasis, permitted at 0.5 to 5 percent with mandatory concentration labelling.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
Coal tar extract Coal tar
A drug active for dandruff and psoriasis, permitted at 0.5 to 5 percent with mandatory concentration labelling.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
Coal tar solution Coal tar
A drug active for dandruff and psoriasis, permitted at 0.5 to 5 percent with mandatory concentration labelling.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
Cobalamin Cyanocobalamin
The manufactured form of vitamin B12, grown from bacterial cultures rather than extracted from animals.
nutrient · 21 CFR 184.1945
Supplements, Food
-
A coconut-derived surfactant used in gentle and sulfate-free cleansers, and a recognised patch test allergen.
INCI Cocamidopropyl Betaine · surfactant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Cocamidopropyl dimethylamine Cocamidopropyl betaine
An impurity from manufacture, often the actual sensitiser rather than the surfactant itself.
INCI Cocamidopropyl Betaine · surfactant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Cochineal extract Carmine
A red colour made from crushed cochineal insects.
E120 · colour · 21 CFR 73.100
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Coco betaine Cocamidopropyl betaine
A coconut-derived surfactant used in gentle and sulfate-free cleansers, and a recognised patch test allergen.
INCI Cocamidopropyl Betaine · surfactant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Coconut-derived surfactant Cocamidopropyl betaine
A coconut-derived surfactant used in gentle and sulfate-free cleansers, and a recognised patch test allergen.
INCI Cocamidopropyl Betaine · surfactant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Coenzyme R Biotin
A B vitamin needed in very small amounts, sold at high doses for hair and known to interfere with some blood tests.
nutrient · 21 CFR 310.527
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
Colecalciferol Vitamin D3
The animal-derived form of vitamin D, against D2 which is made from yeast and fungi.
vitamin · 21 CFR 184.1950
Supplements, Food
-
The structural protein of animal skin and bone, sold as a supplement and used in cosmetics.
protein · 21 CFR 101.36
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
Collagen hydrolysate Collagen
The structural protein of animal skin and bone, sold as a supplement and used in cosmetics.
protein · 21 CFR 101.36
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
Collagen hydrolysate Gelatin
Collagen taken from the skin and bone of pigs or cattle, used to set sweets, desserts and capsule shells.
gelling agent · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Collagen peptides Collagen
The structural protein of animal skin and bone, sold as a supplement and used in cosmetics.
protein · 21 CFR 101.36
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
Finely milled oat used to soothe irritated skin, listed as an over-the-counter skin protectant.
INCI Avena Sativa Kernel Flour · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Colloidal silicon dioxide Silicon dioxide
A mineral powder that stops other powders clumping, chemically the same family as sand and quartz.
E551 · INCI Silica · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 172.480
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
-
Colloidal sulfur Sulfur
An element used as a drug active for acne at 3 to 10 percent and for dandruff at 2 to 5 percent.
drug active · 21 CFR 333.310
Cosmetics
-
Colour added Caramel colour
The general label phrase permitted for colours exempt from batch certification, which includes caramel.
E150 · INCI Caramel · colour · 21 CFR 73.85
Food, Cosmetics
-
Comfrey extract Allantoin
A soothing skin protectant drug active permitted at 0.5 to 2 percent.
INCI Allantoin · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Confectioner's glaze Shellac
A resin secreted by the lac insect, used for the shine on sweets, chocolate and tablets.
E904 · glazing agent
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Confectioners glaze Shellac
A resin secreted by the lac insect, used for the shine on sweets, chocolate and tablets.
E904 · glazing agent
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Copernicia Cerifera Cera INCI name Carnauba wax
A hard wax from the leaves of a Brazilian palm, used to put a shine on sweets and pills.
E903 · INCI Copernicia Cerifera Cera · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1978
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Copernicia cerifera wax Carnauba wax
A hard wax from the leaves of a Brazilian palm, used to put a shine on sweets and pills.
E903 · INCI Copernicia Cerifera Cera · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1978
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Coriandrol Linalool
A floral-smelling terpene alcohol whose oxidation products are the recognised contact allergens.
INCI Linalool · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Corn maltodextrin Maltodextrin
Starch broken into short sugar chains, made from corn, potato or rice, and in Europe sometimes wheat.
bulking agent · 21 CFR 184.1444
Food, Supplements
-
Corn sugar gum Xanthan gum
A thickener made by bacterial fermentation, and the usual replacement for gluten in gluten-free baking.
E415 · thickener · 21 CFR 172.695
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Cosmetic grade mineral oil Mineral oil
The refined grade permitted in cosmetics and medicines, distinct from untreated industrial oils.
INCI Mineral Oil · occlusive · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Cosmetic talc Talc
A mined magnesium silicate used in powders and cosmetics, from deposits that can also contain asbestos.
INCI Talc · absorbent · 21 CFR 73.1550
Cosmetics
-
Crab Shellfish
An everyday word covering crustaceans and molluscs, which labelling rules treat as separate allergens.
seafood · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Crayfish Shellfish
An everyday word covering crustaceans and molluscs, which labelling rules treat as separate allergens.
seafood · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Crimson Lake Carmine
A red colour made from crushed cochineal insects.
E120 · colour · 21 CFR 73.100
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Crustacean Shellfish
An everyday word covering crustaceans and molluscs, which labelling rules treat as separate allergens.
seafood · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Curing salt Sodium nitrite
A curing salt that fixes the colour of cured meat and inhibits bacterial growth, including botulism.
E250 · preservative · 21 CFR 172.175
Food
-
Cyamopsis gum Guar gum
A thickener milled from the seed of the guar bean, used where a recipe needs body without heat.
E412 · thickener · 21 CFR 184.1339
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
The manufactured form of vitamin B12, grown from bacterial cultures rather than extracted from animals.
nutrient · 21 CFR 184.1945
Supplements, Food
-
Cyanocobalamine Cyanocobalamin
The manufactured form of vitamin B12, grown from bacterial cultures rather than extracted from animals.
nutrient · 21 CFR 184.1945
Supplements, Food
-
Cyclopentasiloxane Dimethicone
A volatile silicone used for slip that evaporates, rather than a barrier that stays. Different job, same family.
INCI Dimethicone · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Cysteine INCI name L-Cysteine
An amino acid used to soften commercial bread dough, produced from keratin or by fermentation.
E920 · INCI Cysteine · dough conditioner · 21 CFR 184.1271
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
D
-
D-allulose Allulose
A monosaccharide absorbed but barely metabolised, left out of the sugar line on US labels by FDA decision.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
d-alpha-tocopherol Tocopherols
The form extracted from plant oils, most often soy. The d prefix marks the natural-source version.
E306 · INCI Tocopherol · antioxidant · 21 CFR 184.1890
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
D-biotin Biotin
A B vitamin needed in very small amounts, sold at high doses for hair and known to interfere with some blood tests.
nutrient · 21 CFR 310.527
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
D-glucitol Sorbitol
A sugar alcohol used to sweeten sugar-free products, made by hydrogenating sugars.
E420 · INCI Sorbitol · sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1835
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
D-limonene Limonene
A citrus-scented terpene whose oxidation products, rather than the molecule itself, are the recognised contact allergens.
INCI Limonene · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
D-panthenol Panthenol
Provitamin B5, used as a humectant and conditioning agent in hair and skin products.
INCI Panthenol · humectant · 21 CFR 310.527
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
D-psicose Allulose
A monosaccharide absorbed but barely metabolised, left out of the sugar line on US labels by FDA decision.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Dexpanthenol Panthenol
Provitamin B5, used as a humectant and conditioning agent in hair and skin products.
INCI Panthenol · humectant · 21 CFR 310.527
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Diatomaceous earth Silicon dioxide
A silica source from fossilised algae, used in filtration. Related mineral, different material and different uses.
E551 · INCI Silica · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 172.480
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
-
Dibenzoyl peroxide Benzoyl peroxide
An acne treatment at a stated strength, and separately a bleaching agent used on flour and cheese milk.
INCI Benzoyl Peroxide · acne active · 21 CFR 333.310
Cosmetics, Food
-
An antioxidant used at up to 0.02 percent of a food's fat content to stop fats going rancid.
E321 · antioxidant · 21 CFR 182.3173
Food, Cosmetics
-
A silicone used to smooth and to form a light barrier, listed as a skin protectant at a stated strength.
INCI Dimethicone · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Dimethicone copolyol Dimethicone
A water-dispersible modified form used in cleansers and hair products.
INCI Dimethicone · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Dimethylpolysiloxane Dimethicone
A silicone used to smooth and to form a light barrier, listed as a skin protectant at a stated strength.
INCI Dimethicone · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Dimeticone Dimethicone
A silicone used to smooth and to form a light barrier, listed as a skin protectant at a stated strength.
INCI Dimethicone · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Dipentene Limonene
A citrus-scented terpene whose oxidation products, rather than the molecule itself, are the recognised contact allergens.
INCI Limonene · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
dl-alpha-tocopherol Tocopherols
The synthetic form, a mixture the body uses less efficiently than the extracted one.
E306 · INCI Tocopherol · antioxidant · 21 CFR 184.1890
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
DL-panthenol Panthenol
Provitamin B5, used as a humectant and conditioning agent in hair and skin products.
INCI Panthenol · humectant · 21 CFR 310.527
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Dough conditioner Azodicarbonamide
A category term that may cover azodicarbonamide or several other agents.
flour treatment · 21 CFR 172.806
Food
-
Dried egg Egg
Whole egg with the water removed, used in baked goods and processed food.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
E
-
E102 E number Tartrazine
A synthetic yellow colouring, used in drinks, sweets and desserts.
E102 · colour
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
E120 E number Carmine
A red colour made from crushed cochineal insects.
E120 · colour · 21 CFR 73.100
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E127 E number Red 3
A synthetic pink-red colour whose US food listing was revoked in 2025, taking effect in 2027.
E127 · colour · 21 CFR 74.303
Food, Supplements
-
E129 E number Red 40
A synthetic red colour certified batch by batch in the US, carrying a warning statement requirement in the EU.
E129 · colour · 21 CFR 74.340
Food, Supplements
-
E150 E number Caramel colour
A brown colouring made by heating a sugar, used in cola, sauces, bread and spirits.
E150 · INCI Caramel · colour · 21 CFR 73.85
Food, Cosmetics
-
E160a E number Beta-carotene
The orange pigment of carrots, used as a colour and converted by the body into vitamin A.
E160a · colour · 21 CFR 73.95
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
E160b E number Annatto
An orange-yellow colour extracted from the seed of the achiote shrub, used in cheese and butter.
E160b · colour · 21 CFR 73.30
Food, Cosmetics
-
E170 E number Calcium carbonate
A calcium mineral used as a supplement, an antacid, a whitener and a bulking agent.
E170 · INCI Calcium Carbonate · mineral · 21 CFR 184.1191
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E171 E number Titanium dioxide
A bright white pigment, also used as the mineral filter in some sunscreens.
E171 · colour
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E202 E number Potassium sorbate
A preservative that stops mould and yeast growing in food, drinks and cosmetics.
E202 · INCI Potassium Sorbate · preservative
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E211 E number Sodium benzoate
A preservative that stops mould and yeast in acidic foods, made by neutralising benzoic acid.
E211 · INCI Sodium Benzoate · preservative · 21 CFR 184.1733
Food, Cosmetics
-
E214 E number Parabens
A family of preservatives used in cosmetics at fractions of a percent to stop bacteria and mould.
INCI Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
E216 E number Parabens
A family of preservatives used in cosmetics at fractions of a percent to stop bacteria and mould.
INCI Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
E218 E number Parabens
A family of preservatives used in cosmetics at fractions of a percent to stop bacteria and mould.
INCI Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
E220 E number Sulfites
A group of preservatives that stop browning and spoilage, used in dried fruit, wine and some processed potato.
E220 · preservative · 21 CFR 101.100
Food, Cosmetics
-
E223 E number Sulfites
A group of preservatives that stop browning and spoilage, used in dried fruit, wine and some processed potato.
E220 · preservative · 21 CFR 101.100
Food, Cosmetics
-
E224 E number Sulfites
A group of preservatives that stop browning and spoilage, used in dried fruit, wine and some processed potato.
E220 · preservative · 21 CFR 101.100
Food, Cosmetics
-
E250 E number Sodium nitrite
A curing salt that fixes the colour of cured meat and inhibits bacterial growth, including botulism.
E250 · preservative · 21 CFR 172.175
Food
-
E270 E number Lactic acid
An acid used to preserve food and adjust pH, usually fermented from plant sugars despite the dairy-sounding name.
E270 · INCI Lactic Acid · acidity regulator · 21 CFR 184.1061
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E300 E number Ascorbic acid
The most studied topical form of vitamin C, whose effect depends on a concentration and pH the label omits.
E300 · INCI Ascorbic Acid · antioxidant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food, Supplements
-
E306 E number Tocopherols
Vitamin E used as an antioxidant, extracted from plant oils or made synthetically.
E306 · INCI Tocopherol · antioxidant · 21 CFR 184.1890
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E307 E number Tocopherols
Vitamin E used as an antioxidant, extracted from plant oils or made synthetically.
E306 · INCI Tocopherol · antioxidant · 21 CFR 184.1890
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E320 E number BHA
An antioxidant that stops fats going rancid, used in cereals, snacks and cosmetics.
E320 · INCI BHA · antioxidant · 21 CFR 172.110
Food, Cosmetics
-
E321 E number BHT
An antioxidant used at up to 0.02 percent of a food's fat content to stop fats going rancid.
E321 · antioxidant · 21 CFR 182.3173
Food, Cosmetics
-
E322 E number Soy lecithin
An emulsifier extracted from soybeans, used to stop ingredients separating.
E322 · INCI Lecithin · emulsifier · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E330 E number Citric acid
The sour acid of citrus fruit, made industrially by fermentation and used for tartness and pH control.
E330 · INCI Citric Acid · acidity regulator · 21 CFR 184.1033
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E406 E number Agar
A setting agent extracted from red seaweed, firmer than gelatin and stable at room temperature.
E406 · gelling agent · 21 CFR 184.1115
Food, Supplements
-
E407 E number Carrageenan
A gelling and thickening extract from red seaweed, and the usual plant answer to gelatin.
E407 · thickener · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
E412 E number Guar gum
A thickener milled from the seed of the guar bean, used where a recipe needs body without heat.
E412 · thickener · 21 CFR 184.1339
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E414 E number Gum arabic
Dried sap from acacia trees, used to stop drinks separating and to hold sweets and inks together.
E414 · INCI Acacia Senegal Gum · stabiliser · 21 CFR 184.1330
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E415 E number Xanthan gum
A thickener made by bacterial fermentation, and the usual replacement for gluten in gluten-free baking.
E415 · thickener · 21 CFR 172.695
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E420 E number Sorbitol
A sugar alcohol used to sweeten sugar-free products, made by hydrogenating sugars.
E420 · INCI Sorbitol · sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1835
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E422 E number Glycerin
A sweet-tasting liquid that holds moisture, made from vegetable oils or animal fats.
E422 · INCI Glycerin · humectant · 21 CFR 182.1320
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E433 E number Polysorbate 80
An emulsifier made from sorbitol and oleic acid, used to keep oil and water mixed in food, cosmetics and medicines.
E433 · INCI Polysorbate 80 · emulsifier · 21 CFR 172.840
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E440 E number Pectin
The substance that makes jam set, extracted from citrus peel and apple pomace.
E440 · gelling agent · 21 CFR 184.1588
Food, Supplements
-
E441 E number Gelatin
Collagen taken from the skin and bone of pigs or cattle, used to set sweets, desserts and capsule shells.
gelling agent · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
E464 E number Hypromellose
A cellulose derivative made from plants, used for capsule shells and to coat tablets.
E464 · film former · 21 CFR 172.874
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
-
E471 E number Mono- and diglycerides
An emulsifier that holds fat and water together, made from vegetable oils or from animal fats.
E471 · emulsifier · 21 CFR 184.1505
Food, Supplements
-
E551 E number Silicon dioxide
A mineral powder that stops other powders clumping, chemically the same family as sand and quartz.
E551 · INCI Silica · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 172.480
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
-
E570 E number Stearic acid
A fatty acid used to harden and emulsify, made from plant or animal fats.
E570 · INCI Stearic Acid · emulsifier · 21 CFR 172.860
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E572 E number Magnesium stearate
A powder that stops tablet ingredients sticking to machinery, made from stearic acid.
E572 · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 184.1440
Supplements, Food
-
E621 E number Monosodium glutamate
A flavour enhancer made by fermentation, and the sodium salt of an amino acid found in tomatoes and cheese.
E621 · flavour enhancer · 21 CFR 101.22
Food
-
E901 E number Beeswax
The wax bees build honeycomb from, used to glaze sweets and to give body to balms.
E901 · INCI Cera Alba · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1973
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E903 E number Carnauba wax
A hard wax from the leaves of a Brazilian palm, used to put a shine on sweets and pills.
E903 · INCI Copernicia Cerifera Cera · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1978
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E904 E number Shellac
A resin secreted by the lac insect, used for the shine on sweets, chocolate and tablets.
E904 · glazing agent
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
E920 E number L-Cysteine
An amino acid used to soften commercial bread dough, produced from keratin or by fermentation.
E920 · INCI Cysteine · dough conditioner · 21 CFR 184.1271
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E921 E number L-Cysteine
L-Cystine, the oxidised double form of the same amino acid, used for the same purpose.
E920 · INCI Cysteine · dough conditioner · 21 CFR 184.1271
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
E924 E number Potassium bromate
A flour treatment agent permitted in US bromated flour at up to 50 parts per million.
flour treatment · 21 CFR 137.155
Food
-
E927a E number Azodicarbonamide
A flour treatment and dough conditioner permitted in US baking at up to 45 parts per million of flour.
flour treatment · 21 CFR 172.806
Food
-
E950 E number Acesulfame potassium
A sweetener about two hundred times sweeter than sugar, permitted in the US as both a sweetener and a flavour enhancer.
E950 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.800
Food, Supplements
-
E951 E number Aspartame
A low-calorie sweetener made from two amino acids, used where sugar would add bulk or calories.
E951 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.804
Food, Supplements
-
E954 E number Saccharin
The oldest artificial sweetener, restricted by US regulation to special dietary foods at fixed milligram limits.
E954 · sweetener · 21 CFR 180.37
Food, Supplements
-
E955 E number Sucralose
A sweetener made by replacing three groups on a sugar molecule with chlorine, several hundred times sweeter than sugar.
E955 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.831
Food, Supplements
-
E960 E number Stevia
Sweet compounds extracted from the stevia leaf, several hundred times sweeter than sugar.
E960 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
E965 E number Maltitol
A sugar alcohol used in sugar-free chocolate, which raises blood glucose more than the others do.
E965 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.80
Food
-
E967 E number Xylitol
A sugar alcohol as sweet as sugar, used in gum and toothpaste, which mouth bacteria cannot ferment.
E967 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.395
Food, Supplements
-
E968 E number Erythritol
A sugar alcohol that passes through mostly unchanged, and which the body also produces itself.
E968 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
E1204 E number Pullulan
A polymer made by fermenting starch with a fungus, used for capsule shells and edible films.
E1204 · film former · 21 CFR 101.4
Supplements, Food
-
E1400 series Modified food starch
Ordinary starch treated so that it thickens more reliably or survives heat and freezing.
thickener · 21 CFR 172.892
Food, Supplements
-
E1520 E number Propylene glycol
A synthetic liquid that holds moisture and carries flavours, used in food, cosmetics and medicines.
E1520 · INCI Propylene Glycol · humectant · 21 CFR 184.1666
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Earth nut Peanut
A legume, not a tree nut, and one of the nine major food allergens that must be declared by name.
legume · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
A major food allergen with no labelling exemptions, so every derivative it appears in must be declared.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
Egg white Egg
A major food allergen with no labelling exemptions, so every derivative it appears in must be declared.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
Egg yolk Egg
A major food allergen with no labelling exemptions, so every derivative it appears in must be declared.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
Elaeis guineensis Palm oil
An oil from the fruit of the oil palm, used in food, cosmetics and as a source for many additives.
oil · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Elemental iron Ferrous sulfate
The amount of actual iron in a dose, which is smaller than the weight of the salt supplying it.
mineral · 21 CFR 101.17(e)
Food, Supplements
-
Enriched bromated flour Potassium bromate
Bromated flour with the standard vitamins and iron added back.
flour treatment · 21 CFR 137.155
Food
-
Enzyme Enzymes
A collective label term covering enzymes from animal, plant or microbial sources, with no way to tell which.
processing aid · 21 CFR 133.106
Food, Supplements
-
Enzyme Rennet
The enzyme that curdles milk into cheese, taken from a calf stomach or produced by fermentation.
enzyme · 21 CFR 184.1685
Food
-
A collective label term covering enzymes from animal, plant or microbial sources, with no way to tell which.
processing aid · 21 CFR 133.106
Food, Supplements
-
Equal Aspartame
A low-calorie sweetener made from two amino acids, used where sugar would add bulk or calories.
E951 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.804
Food, Supplements
-
Ergocalciferol Vitamin D3
The chemical name for vitamin D2, made from yeast and related fungi.
vitamin · 21 CFR 184.1950
Supplements, Food
-
Erythrit Erythritol
A sugar alcohol that passes through mostly unchanged, and which the body also produces itself.
E968 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
A sugar alcohol that passes through mostly unchanged, and which the body also produces itself.
E968 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Erythritol blend Erythritol
Erythritol combined with a high-intensity sweetener such as stevia or monk fruit to make up sweetness.
E968 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Erythrosine Red 3
A synthetic pink-red colour whose US food listing was revoked in 2025, taking effect in 2027.
E127 · colour · 21 CFR 74.303
Food, Supplements
-
Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether Phenoxyethanol
A preservative used in cosmetics, permitted in Europe at up to one percent.
INCI Phenoxyethanol · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Ethylparaben Parabens
A family of preservatives used in cosmetics at fractions of a percent to stop bacteria and mould.
INCI Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Ethylvanillin Vanillin
A related synthetic compound several times stronger than vanillin. Not found in the vanilla bean at all.
flavouring · 21 CFR 169.175
Food, Cosmetics
-
Eugenia caryophyllus Eugenol
The main aromatic compound in clove, used as fragrance and flavouring, and a recognised contact allergen.
INCI Eugenol · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
The main aromatic compound in clove, used as fragrance and flavouring, and a recognised contact allergen.
INCI Eugenol · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
F
-
FD&C Red No. 3 Red 3
A synthetic pink-red colour whose US food listing was revoked in 2025, taking effect in 2027.
E127 · colour · 21 CFR 74.303
Food, Supplements
-
FD&C Red No. 40 Red 40
A synthetic red colour certified batch by batch in the US, carrying a warning statement requirement in the EU.
E129 · colour · 21 CFR 74.340
Food, Supplements
-
FD&C Yellow No. 5 Tartrazine
A synthetic yellow colouring, used in drinks, sweets and desserts.
E102 · colour
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Fermentation-produced chymosin Rennet
The cheese enzyme copied by a microorganism rather than taken from an animal.
enzyme · 21 CFR 184.1685
Food
-
Ferrous fumarate Ferrous sulfate
An iron salt used in supplements and fortified food, carrying a mandated child poisoning warning.
mineral · 21 CFR 101.17(e)
Food, Supplements
-
Ferrous gluconate Ferrous sulfate
An iron salt used in supplements and fortified food, carrying a mandated child poisoning warning.
mineral · 21 CFR 101.17(e)
Food, Supplements
-
An iron salt used in supplements and fortified food, carrying a mandated child poisoning warning.
mineral · 21 CFR 101.17(e)
Food, Supplements
-
Fining agent Isinglass
A clarifying agent made from fish swim bladders, used to drop the haze out of beer and wine.
fining agent · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
Finings Isinglass
A clarifying agent made from fish swim bladders, used to drop the haze out of beer and wine.
fining agent · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
Fish gelatin Gelatin
Gelatin made from fish skin and bone rather than from pigs or cattle.
gelling agent · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Fish gelatine Isinglass
A clarifying agent made from fish swim bladders, used to drop the haze out of beer and wine.
fining agent · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
Folacin Folic acid
The manufactured form of folate, added to foods and supplements and carrying an authorised US health claim.
nutrient · 21 CFR 101.79
Supplements, Food
-
Folate Folic acid
The manufactured form of folate, added to foods and supplements and carrying an authorised US health claim.
nutrient · 21 CFR 101.79
Supplements, Food
-
The manufactured form of folate, added to foods and supplements and carrying an authorised US health claim.
nutrient · 21 CFR 101.79
Supplements, Food
-
Food starch-modified Modified food starch
Ordinary starch treated so that it thickens more reliably or survives heat and freezing.
thickener · 21 CFR 172.892
Food, Supplements
-
FPC Rennet
The enzyme that curdles milk into cheese, taken from a calf stomach or produced by fermentation.
enzyme · 21 CFR 184.1685
Food
-
Fragrance Benzyl salicylate
A floral-smelling fragrance material, and one of the fragrance allergens EU labels must name individually.
INCI Benzyl Salicylate · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Fragrance mix I Eugenol
The patch test mixture eugenol is tested within, alongside seven other fragrance materials.
INCI Eugenol · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Fructose-glucose syrup High fructose corn syrup
A corn-derived sweetener containing roughly 42 or 55 percent fructose, made by treating corn starch with enzymes.
sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1866
Food
-
Fruit pectin Pectin
The substance that makes jam set, extracted from citrus peel and apple pomace.
E440 · gelling agent · 21 CFR 184.1588
Food, Supplements
-
Fumed silica Silicon dioxide
A mineral powder that stops other powders clumping, chemically the same family as sand and quartz.
E551 · INCI Silica · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 172.480
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
G
-
Collagen taken from the skin and bone of pigs or cattle, used to set sweets, desserts and capsule shells.
gelling agent · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Gelatine Gelatin
Collagen taken from the skin and bone of pigs or cattle, used to set sweets, desserts and capsule shells.
gelling agent · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
A rose-scented terpene alcohol used in fragrance, and a recognised contact allergen.
INCI Geraniol · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Gingelly Sesame
A seed that became the ninth US major food allergen, declared by name on packaged food since 2023.
seed
Food
-
Globulin Egg
A major food allergen with no labelling exemptions, so every derivative it appears in must be declared.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
Glucitol Sorbitol
A sugar alcohol used to sweeten sugar-free products, made by hydrogenating sugars.
E420 · INCI Sorbitol · sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1835
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Glucosamine Shellfish
A supplement often made from crustacean shells, which is why it can carry a shellfish declaration.
seafood · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Glucose polymer Maltodextrin
Starch broken into short sugar chains, made from corn, potato or rice, and in Europe sometimes wheat.
bulking agent · 21 CFR 184.1444
Food, Supplements
-
Glucose-fructose syrup High fructose corn syrup
A corn-derived sweetener containing roughly 42 or 55 percent fructose, made by treating corn starch with enzymes.
sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1866
Food
-
Glupearl 19S (a specific acid-hydrolysed preparation) Hydrolysed wheat protein
Wheat protein broken into smaller fragments, used in shampoos, conditioners and some foods.
INCI Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein · conditioning agent
Cosmetics, Food
-
Glutamic acid, monosodium salt Monosodium glutamate
A flavour enhancer made by fermentation, and the sodium salt of an amino acid found in tomatoes and cheese.
E621 · flavour enhancer · 21 CFR 101.22
Food
-
A sweet-tasting liquid that holds moisture, made from vegetable oils or animal fats.
E422 · INCI Glycerin · humectant · 21 CFR 182.1320
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Glycerine Glycerin
A sweet-tasting liquid that holds moisture, made from vegetable oils or animal fats.
E422 · INCI Glycerin · humectant · 21 CFR 182.1320
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Glycerol Glycerin
A sweet-tasting liquid that holds moisture, made from vegetable oils or animal fats.
E422 · INCI Glycerin · humectant · 21 CFR 182.1320
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Glycerol monohydrate Glycerin
A sweet-tasting liquid that holds moisture, made from vegetable oils or animal fats.
E422 · INCI Glycerin · humectant · 21 CFR 182.1320
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Glycerol monostearate Mono- and diglycerides
An emulsifier that holds fat and water together, made from vegetable oils or from animal fats.
E471 · emulsifier · 21 CFR 184.1505
Food, Supplements
-
Glyceryl monostearate Mono- and diglycerides
An emulsifier that holds fat and water together, made from vegetable oils or from animal fats.
E471 · emulsifier · 21 CFR 184.1505
Food, Supplements
-
Glyceryl stearate Stearic acid
Stearic acid attached to glycerol, a very common cosmetic emulsifier. Same origin question, twice over.
E570 · INCI Stearic Acid · emulsifier · 21 CFR 172.860
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
The smallest alpha hydroxy acid, used to loosen and shed the outer layer of skin.
INCI Glycolic Acid · exfoliant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Glycolic acid peel Glycolic acid
A high-strength professional application, much stronger than anything sold for home use.
INCI Glycolic Acid · exfoliant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Glyoxyldiureide Allantoin
A soothing skin protectant drug active permitted at 0.5 to 2 percent.
INCI Allantoin · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
GMS Mono- and diglycerides
An emulsifier that holds fat and water together, made from vegetable oils or from animal fats.
E471 · emulsifier · 21 CFR 184.1505
Food, Supplements
-
A citrus fruit that slows the enzyme clearing many medicines, raising their levels in the blood.
food
Food, Supplements
-
Grapefruit extract Grapefruit
A citrus fruit that slows the enzyme clearing many medicines, raising their levels in the blood.
food
Food, Supplements
-
Grapefruit juice Grapefruit
A citrus fruit that slows the enzyme clearing many medicines, raising their levels in the blood.
food
Food, Supplements
-
Grapefruit seed extract Grapefruit
A supplement ingredient distinct from the juice, sold for unrelated reasons.
food
Food, Supplements
-
Groundnut Peanut
A legume, not a tree nut, and one of the nine major food allergens that must be declared by name.
legume · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Guar flour Guar gum
A thickener milled from the seed of the guar bean, used where a recipe needs body without heat.
E412 · thickener · 21 CFR 184.1339
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
A thickener milled from the seed of the guar bean, used where a recipe needs body without heat.
E412 · thickener · 21 CFR 184.1339
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Guaran Guar gum
A thickener milled from the seed of the guar bean, used where a recipe needs body without heat.
E412 · thickener · 21 CFR 184.1339
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Guarana extract Caffeine
A plant extract that carries caffeine. It contributes caffeine without the word caffeine appearing.
stimulant · 21 CFR 182.1180
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Guaranine Caffeine
A stimulant that occurs naturally in coffee, tea and cocoa and is added to drinks and supplements.
stimulant · 21 CFR 182.1180
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Gum acacia Gum arabic
Dried sap from acacia trees, used to stop drinks separating and to hold sweets and inks together.
E414 · INCI Acacia Senegal Gum · stabiliser · 21 CFR 184.1330
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Dried sap from acacia trees, used to stop drinks separating and to hold sweets and inks together.
E414 · INCI Acacia Senegal Gum · stabiliser · 21 CFR 184.1330
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
H
-
HA Hyaluronic acid
A humectant that holds water in the skin, and occurs naturally in skin and connective tissue.
INCI Sodium Hyaluronate · humectant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Hair, skin and nails formula Biotin
A supplement category usually built on high-dose biotin.
nutrient · 21 CFR 310.527
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
Hazelnut Tree nuts
A group of nuts from trees, treated as one allergen in law though people react to specific species.
nut · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Hexahydric alcohol Sorbitol
A sugar alcohol used to sweeten sugar-free products, made by hydrogenating sugars.
E420 · INCI Sorbitol · sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1835
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
HFCS High fructose corn syrup
A corn-derived sweetener containing roughly 42 or 55 percent fructose, made by treating corn starch with enzymes.
sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1866
Food
-
HFCS 42 High fructose corn syrup
A corn-derived sweetener containing roughly 42 or 55 percent fructose, made by treating corn starch with enzymes.
sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1866
Food
-
HFCS 55 High fructose corn syrup
A corn-derived sweetener containing roughly 42 or 55 percent fructose, made by treating corn starch with enzymes.
sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1866
Food
-
A corn-derived sweetener containing roughly 42 or 55 percent fructose, made by treating corn starch with enzymes.
sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1866
Food
-
Highly refined peanut oil Peanut
Peanut oil processed to remove protein, which US law exempts from allergen declaration.
legume · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Hiperikum St John's wort
A herbal supplement taken for low mood that speeds the clearance of many prescription medicines.
botanical
Supplements
-
Sugar made by bees. Guidance in every market is that it is not given to a child under twelve months.
sweetener
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Honey powder Honey
Sugar made by bees. Guidance in every market is that it is not given to a child under twelve months.
sweetener
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Honey solids Honey
Sugar made by bees. Guidance in every market is that it is not given to a child under twelve months.
sweetener
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
HPMC Hypromellose
A cellulose derivative made from plants, used for capsule shells and to coat tablets.
E464 · film former · 21 CFR 172.874
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
-
HWP Hydrolysed wheat protein
Wheat protein broken into smaller fragments, used in shampoos, conditioners and some foods.
INCI Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein · conditioning agent
Cosmetics, Food
-
Hyaluronan Hyaluronic acid
A humectant that holds water in the skin, and occurs naturally in skin and connective tissue.
INCI Sodium Hyaluronate · humectant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
A humectant that holds water in the skin, and occurs naturally in skin and connective tissue.
INCI Sodium Hyaluronate · humectant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Hydrogenated glucose syrup Maltitol
A sugar alcohol used in sugar-free chocolate, which raises blood glucose more than the others do.
E965 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.80
Food
-
Hydrogenated maltose Maltitol
A sugar alcohol used in sugar-free chocolate, which raises blood glucose more than the others do.
E965 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.80
Food
-
Hydrolysed collagen Collagen
The structural protein of animal skin and bone, sold as a supplement and used in cosmetics.
protein · 21 CFR 101.36
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
Hydrolysed collagen Gelatin
Collagen taken from the skin and bone of pigs or cattle, used to set sweets, desserts and capsule shells.
gelling agent · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Hydrolysed wheat gluten Hydrolysed wheat protein
Wheat protein broken into smaller fragments, used in shampoos, conditioners and some foods.
INCI Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein · conditioning agent
Cosmetics, Food
-
Wheat protein broken into smaller fragments, used in shampoos, conditioners and some foods.
INCI Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein · conditioning agent
Cosmetics, Food
-
Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid Hyaluronic acid
A humectant that holds water in the skin, and occurs naturally in skin and connective tissue.
INCI Sodium Hyaluronate · humectant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein INCI name Hydrolysed wheat protein
Wheat protein broken into smaller fragments, used in shampoos, conditioners and some foods.
INCI Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein · conditioning agent
Cosmetics, Food
-
Hydrous magnesium silicate Talc
A mined magnesium silicate used in powders and cosmetics, from deposits that can also contain asbestos.
INCI Talc · absorbent · 21 CFR 73.1550
Cosmetics
-
Hydroxocobalamin Cyanocobalamin
The B12 form usually given by injection.
nutrient · 21 CFR 184.1945
Supplements, Food
-
Hydroxyacetic acid Glycolic acid
The smallest alpha hydroxy acid, used to loosen and shed the outer layer of skin.
INCI Glycolic Acid · exfoliant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hypromellose
A cellulose derivative made from plants, used for capsule shells and to coat tablets.
E464 · film former · 21 CFR 172.874
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
-
Hyperforin St John's wort
The constituent most associated with the enzyme induction behind the interactions.
botanical
Supplements
-
Hypericum St John's wort
A herbal supplement taken for low mood that speeds the clearance of many prescription medicines.
botanical
Supplements
-
Hypericum perforatum St John's wort
A herbal supplement taken for low mood that speeds the clearance of many prescription medicines.
botanical
Supplements
-
A cellulose derivative made from plants, used for capsule shells and to coat tablets.
E464 · film former · 21 CFR 172.874
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
I
-
Ichthyocol Isinglass
A clarifying agent made from fish swim bladders, used to drop the haze out of beer and wine.
fining agent · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
INS 414 Gum arabic
The Codex international numbering for the same substance, used on labels outside the EU.
E414 · INCI Acacia Senegal Gum · stabiliser · 21 CFR 184.1330
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Iodide Iodine
A mineral the thyroid uses to make its hormones, needed at about 140 micrograms a day by adults.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
A mineral the thyroid uses to make its hormones, needed at about 140 micrograms a day by adults.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Iodised salt Iodine
A mineral the thyroid uses to make its hormones, needed at about 140 micrograms a day by adults.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Irish moss extract Carrageenan
A gelling and thickening extract from red seaweed, and the usual plant answer to gelatin.
E407 · thickener · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Iron Ferrous sulfate
An iron salt used in supplements and fortified food, carrying a mandated child poisoning warning.
mineral · 21 CFR 101.17(e)
Food, Supplements
-
Iron (as ferrous sulfate) Ferrous sulfate
An iron salt used in supplements and fortified food, carrying a mandated child poisoning warning.
mineral · 21 CFR 101.17(e)
Food, Supplements
-
A clarifying agent made from fish swim bladders, used to drop the haze out of beer and wine.
fining agent · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
Isobutylparaben Parabens
A family of preservatives used in cosmetics at fractions of a percent to stop bacteria and mould.
INCI Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Isoeugenol Eugenol
The main aromatic compound in clove, used as fragrance and flavouring, and a recognised contact allergen.
INCI Eugenol · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Isoglucose High fructose corn syrup
A corn-derived sweetener containing roughly 42 or 55 percent fructose, made by treating corn starch with enzymes.
sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1866
Food
J
-
Japanese isinglass Agar
A setting agent extracted from red seaweed, firmer than gelatin and stable at room temperature.
E406 · gelling agent · 21 CFR 184.1115
Food, Supplements
K
L
-
L-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid L-Cysteine
An amino acid used to soften commercial bread dough, produced from keratin or by fermentation.
E920 · INCI Cysteine · dough conditioner · 21 CFR 184.1271
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
L-ascorbic acid Ascorbic acid
The most studied topical form of vitamin C, whose effect depends on a concentration and pH the label omits.
E300 · INCI Ascorbic Acid · antioxidant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food, Supplements
-
An amino acid used to soften commercial bread dough, produced from keratin or by fermentation.
E920 · INCI Cysteine · dough conditioner · 21 CFR 184.1271
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
L-Cysteine hydrochloride L-Cysteine
An amino acid used to soften commercial bread dough, produced from keratin or by fermentation.
E920 · INCI Cysteine · dough conditioner · 21 CFR 184.1271
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
L-methylfolate Folic acid
The manufactured form of folate, added to foods and supplements and carrying an authorised US health claim.
nutrient · 21 CFR 101.79
Supplements, Food
-
Lac resin Shellac
A resin secreted by the lac insect, used for the shine on sweets, chocolate and tablets.
E904 · glazing agent
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
An acid used to preserve food and adjust pH, usually fermented from plant sugars despite the dairy-sounding name.
E270 · INCI Lactic Acid · acidity regulator · 21 CFR 184.1061
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Lactoserum Whey
The milk protein that stays in the liquid when milk is curdled for cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 184.1979
Food, Supplements
-
Wax from sheep wool, used to soften and seal skin, and a recognised contact allergen.
INCI Lanolin · emollient · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Lanolin alcohol Lanolin
The alcohol fraction of lanolin, and the part most often responsible for contact allergy.
INCI Lanolin · emollient · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Lanolin anhydrous Lanolin
Lanolin with the water removed, which is the thick form in nipple creams and lip balms.
INCI Lanolin · emollient · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
LCD Coal tar
A drug active for dandruff and psoriasis, permitted at 0.5 to 5 percent with mandatory concentration labelling.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
Lecithin INCI name Soy lecithin
An emulsifier extracted from soybeans, used to stop ingredients separating.
E322 · INCI Lecithin · emulsifier · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Lemonol Geraniol
A rose-scented terpene alcohol used in fragrance, and a recognised contact allergen.
INCI Geraniol · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Limestone Calcium carbonate
A calcium mineral used as a supplement, an antacid, a whitener and a bulking agent.
E170 · INCI Calcium Carbonate · mineral · 21 CFR 184.1191
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
A citrus-scented terpene whose oxidation products, rather than the molecule itself, are the recognised contact allergens.
INCI Limonene · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Limonene hydroperoxides Limonene
The oxidation products that form on exposure to air, and the actual allergens.
INCI Limonene · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Linalol Linalool
A floral-smelling terpene alcohol whose oxidation products are the recognised contact allergens.
INCI Linalool · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
A floral-smelling terpene alcohol whose oxidation products are the recognised contact allergens.
INCI Linalool · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Linalool hydroperoxides Linalool
The oxidation products that form on exposure to air, and the actual allergens.
INCI Linalool · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Linalyl alcohol Linalool
A floral-smelling terpene alcohol whose oxidation products are the recognised contact allergens.
INCI Linalool · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Lipase Enzymes
A fat-splitting enzyme used for flavour in some cheeses, often from animal sources.
processing aid · 21 CFR 133.106
Food, Supplements
-
Liquid paraffin Mineral oil
A highly purified petroleum-derived oil, permitted as a skin protectant drug active at 50 to 100 percent.
INCI Mineral Oil · occlusive · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Liquor carbonis detergens Coal tar
A drug active for dandruff and psoriasis, permitted at 0.5 to 5 percent with mandatory concentration labelling.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
Livetin Egg
A major food allergen with no labelling exemptions, so every derivative it appears in must be declared.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
Lobster Shellfish
An everyday word covering crustaceans and molluscs, which labelling rules treat as separate allergens.
seafood · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Luo han guo Monk fruit
A sweetener from Siraitia grosvenorii fruit, cleared for general use in the US and only partly authorised in the EU.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Lysozyme Egg
A major food allergen with no labelling exemptions, so every derivative it appears in must be declared.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
M
-
Macadamia Tree nuts
A group of nuts from trees, treated as one allergen in law though people react to specific species.
nut · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate Ascorbic acid
A stable vitamin C derivative used at neutral pH, less well evidenced than L-ascorbic acid.
E300 · INCI Ascorbic Acid · antioxidant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food, Supplements
-
Magnesium caseinate Caseinates
Milk protein combined with sodium, calcium or potassium so that it dissolves in liquid.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Magnesium salt of stearic acid Magnesium stearate
A powder that stops tablet ingredients sticking to machinery, made from stearic acid.
E572 · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 184.1440
Supplements, Food
-
Magnesium silicate Talc
A mined magnesium silicate used in powders and cosmetics, from deposits that can also contain asbestos.
INCI Talc · absorbent · 21 CFR 73.1550
Cosmetics
-
A powder that stops tablet ingredients sticking to machinery, made from stearic acid.
E572 · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 184.1440
Supplements, Food
-
Magnesium stearate Stearic acid
The magnesium salt of stearic acid, used to stop tablet powders sticking. Same origin question.
E570 · INCI Stearic Acid · emulsifier · 21 CFR 172.860
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Magnesium stearate NF Magnesium stearate
A powder that stops tablet ingredients sticking to machinery, made from stearic acid.
E572 · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 184.1440
Supplements, Food
-
Malt Barley malt extract
A sweetener and flavouring made from sprouted barley, which is one of the gluten grains.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.91
Food
-
Malt extract Barley malt extract
A sweetener and flavouring made from sprouted barley, which is one of the gluten grains.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.91
Food
-
Malt flavoring Barley malt extract
A sweetener and flavouring made from sprouted barley, which is one of the gluten grains.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.91
Food
-
Malt flavouring Barley malt extract
A sweetener and flavouring made from sprouted barley, which is one of the gluten grains.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.91
Food
-
Malt syrup Barley malt extract
A sweetener and flavouring made from sprouted barley, which is one of the gluten grains.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.91
Food
-
Malt vinegar (related) Barley malt extract
A sweetener and flavouring made from sprouted barley, which is one of the gluten grains.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.91
Food
-
Malted barley Barley malt extract
A sweetener and flavouring made from sprouted barley, which is one of the gluten grains.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.91
Food
-
Maltit Maltitol
A sugar alcohol used in sugar-free chocolate, which raises blood glucose more than the others do.
E965 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.80
Food
-
A sugar alcohol used in sugar-free chocolate, which raises blood glucose more than the others do.
E965 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.80
Food
-
Maltitol syrup Maltitol
A sugar alcohol used in sugar-free chocolate, which raises blood glucose more than the others do.
E965 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.80
Food
-
Starch broken into short sugar chains, made from corn, potato or rice, and in Europe sometimes wheat.
bulking agent · 21 CFR 184.1444
Food, Supplements
-
Mannitol Sorbitol
E421, a closely related sugar alcohol differing in optical rotation. Same family, same laxative labelling rule.
E420 · INCI Sorbitol · sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1835
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Manuka honey Honey
Sugar made by bees. Guidance in every market is that it is not given to a child under twelve months.
sweetener
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Marine collagen Collagen
Collagen taken from fish skin or scales rather than from cattle or pigs.
protein · 21 CFR 101.36
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
Menaquinone Vitamin K
A group of vitamins the body needs for blood clotting, found mainly in green leafy vegetables.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Methyl ethyl glycol Propylene glycol
A synthetic liquid that holds moisture and carries flavours, used in food, cosmetics and medicines.
E1520 · INCI Propylene Glycol · humectant · 21 CFR 184.1666
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Methyl vanillin Vanillin
The compound that makes vanilla taste of vanilla, produced from beans, wood pulp or by synthesis.
flavouring · 21 CFR 169.175
Food, Cosmetics
-
Methylcobalamin Cyanocobalamin
A different B12 form, active without conversion, sold as an alternative to cyanocobalamin.
nutrient · 21 CFR 184.1945
Supplements, Food
-
Methylfolate Folic acid
The already-active form of folate, sold as an alternative to folic acid.
nutrient · 21 CFR 101.79
Supplements, Food
-
Methylparaben Parabens
A family of preservatives used in cosmetics at fractions of a percent to stop bacteria and mould.
INCI Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben INCI name Parabens
A family of preservatives used in cosmetics at fractions of a percent to stop bacteria and mould.
INCI Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Micellar casein Caseinates
Casein kept in its natural clustered form rather than converted to a salt.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Microbial enzymes Enzymes
A collective label term covering enzymes from animal, plant or microbial sources, with no way to tell which.
processing aid · 21 CFR 133.106
Food, Supplements
-
Microbial rennet Enzymes
A clotting enzyme produced by fungi or bacteria rather than from an animal stomach.
processing aid · 21 CFR 133.106
Food, Supplements
-
Microbial rennet Rennet
A milk-coagulating enzyme from moulds, not taken from an animal.
enzyme · 21 CFR 184.1685
Food
-
Micronised selenium sulfide Selenium sulfide
An anti-dandruff drug active permitted at exactly 1 percent, or 0.6 percent micronised.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
Milk acid Lactic acid
An acid used to preserve food and adjust pH, usually fermented from plant sugars despite the dairy-sounding name.
E270 · INCI Lactic Acid · acidity regulator · 21 CFR 184.1061
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Milk protein Casein
The main protein in milk, and the part that curdles to make cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Milk protein Caseinates
Milk protein combined with sodium, calcium or potassium so that it dissolves in liquid.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Milk serum Whey
The milk protein that stays in the liquid when milk is curdled for cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 184.1979
Food, Supplements
-
A highly purified petroleum-derived oil, permitted as a skin protectant drug active at 50 to 100 percent.
INCI Mineral Oil · occlusive · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Mineral oil Petrolatum
The liquid fraction from the same source, listed separately in the same regulation at 50 to 100 percent.
INCI Petrolatum · occlusive · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
A topical drug approved over the counter in 1996 for hair regrowth, originally developed for high blood pressure.
drug active · 21 CFR 310.527
Cosmetics
-
Minoxidil 2% Minoxidil
A topical drug approved over the counter in 1996 for hair regrowth, originally developed for high blood pressure.
drug active · 21 CFR 310.527
Cosmetics
-
Minoxidil 5% Minoxidil
A topical drug approved over the counter in 1996 for hair regrowth, originally developed for high blood pressure.
drug active · 21 CFR 310.527
Cosmetics
-
Minoxidil topical solution Minoxidil
A topical drug approved over the counter in 1996 for hair regrowth, originally developed for high blood pressure.
drug active · 21 CFR 310.527
Cosmetics
-
Mixed tocopherols Tocopherols
Vitamin E used as an antioxidant, extracted from plant oils or made synthetically.
E306 · INCI Tocopherol · antioxidant · 21 CFR 184.1890
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
A blended antioxidant system using both a natural and a synthetic antioxidant.
E321 · antioxidant · 21 CFR 182.3173
Food, Cosmetics
-
MK-7 Vitamin K
A group of vitamins the body needs for blood clotting, found mainly in green leafy vegetables.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Modified corn starch Modified food starch
Ordinary starch treated so that it thickens more reliably or survives heat and freezing.
thickener · 21 CFR 172.892
Food, Supplements
-
Ordinary starch treated so that it thickens more reliably or survives heat and freezing.
thickener · 21 CFR 172.892
Food, Supplements
-
Modified potato starch Modified food starch
Ordinary starch treated so that it thickens more reliably or survives heat and freezing.
thickener · 21 CFR 172.892
Food, Supplements
-
Modified starch Maltodextrin
Starch broken into short sugar chains, made from corn, potato or rice, and in Europe sometimes wheat.
bulking agent · 21 CFR 184.1444
Food, Supplements
-
Modified starch Modified food starch
Ordinary starch treated so that it thickens more reliably or survives heat and freezing.
thickener · 21 CFR 172.892
Food, Supplements
-
Modified tapioca starch Modified food starch
Ordinary starch treated so that it thickens more reliably or survives heat and freezing.
thickener · 21 CFR 172.892
Food, Supplements
-
Mogroside V Monk fruit
A sweetener from Siraitia grosvenorii fruit, cleared for general use in the US and only partly authorised in the EU.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Mogrosides Monk fruit
The sweet compounds extracted from monk fruit, the part that does the sweetening.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Mollusc Shellfish
An everyday word covering crustaceans and molluscs, which labelling rules treat as separate allergens.
seafood · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
A sweetener from Siraitia grosvenorii fruit, cleared for general use in the US and only partly authorised in the EU.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Monk fruit extract Monk fruit
A sweetener from Siraitia grosvenorii fruit, cleared for general use in the US and only partly authorised in the EU.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Monkey nut Peanut
A legume, not a tree nut, and one of the nine major food allergens that must be declared by name.
legume · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
An emulsifier that holds fat and water together, made from vegetable oils or from animal fats.
E471 · emulsifier · 21 CFR 184.1505
Food, Supplements
-
Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids Mono- and diglycerides
An emulsifier that holds fat and water together, made from vegetable oils or from animal fats.
E471 · emulsifier · 21 CFR 184.1505
Food, Supplements
-
Monoglycerides Mono- and diglycerides
An emulsifier that holds fat and water together, made from vegetable oils or from animal fats.
E471 · emulsifier · 21 CFR 184.1505
Food, Supplements
-
A flavour enhancer made by fermentation, and the sodium salt of an amino acid found in tomatoes and cheese.
E621 · flavour enhancer · 21 CFR 101.22
Food
-
Monosodium L-glutamate Monosodium glutamate
A flavour enhancer made by fermentation, and the sodium salt of an amino acid found in tomatoes and cheese.
E621 · flavour enhancer · 21 CFR 101.22
Food
-
MSG Monosodium glutamate
A flavour enhancer made by fermentation, and the sodium salt of an amino acid found in tomatoes and cheese.
E621 · flavour enhancer · 21 CFR 101.22
Food
-
Myroxylon pereirae Balsam of Peru
A natural resin used in fragrance and flavouring, and a major contact allergen tested as a mixture.
INCI Myroxylon Pereirae Resin · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Myroxylon Pereirae Resin INCI name Balsam of Peru
A natural resin used in fragrance and flavouring, and a major contact allergen tested as a mixture.
INCI Myroxylon Pereirae Resin · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
N
-
Natural Red 4 Carmine
A red colour made from crushed cochineal insects.
E120 · colour · 21 CFR 73.100
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Niacin amide Niacinamide
A form of vitamin B3 used in skincare, which raises the skin's own ceramide and fatty acid production.
INCI Niacinamide · skin active · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
A form of vitamin B3 used in skincare, which raises the skin's own ceramide and fatty acid production.
INCI Niacinamide · skin active · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Nicotinamide Niacinamide
A form of vitamin B3 used in skincare, which raises the skin's own ceramide and fatty acid production.
INCI Niacinamide · skin active · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Nitrite Sodium nitrite
A curing salt that fixes the colour of cured meat and inhibits bacterial growth, including botulism.
E250 · preservative · 21 CFR 172.175
Food
-
Non-nano zinc oxide Zinc oxide
A marketing description for particles above a stated size. Not a defined regulatory term.
INCI Zinc Oxide · UV filter · 21 CFR 347.3
Cosmetics
-
Norbixin Annatto
An orange-yellow colour extracted from the seed of the achiote shrub, used in cheese and butter.
E160b · colour · 21 CFR 73.30
Food, Cosmetics
-
Nut butter Tree nuts
A paste of ground nuts, which carries the same allergen as the nut it was made from.
nut · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
NutraSweet Aspartame
A low-calorie sweetener made from two amino acids, used where sugar would add bulk or calories.
E951 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.804
Food, Supplements
O
-
Oat flour Colloidal oatmeal
Finely milled oat used to soothe irritated skin, listed as an over-the-counter skin protectant.
INCI Avena Sativa Kernel Flour · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Oat kernel flour Colloidal oatmeal
Finely milled oat used to soothe irritated skin, listed as an over-the-counter skin protectant.
INCI Avena Sativa Kernel Flour · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Octadecanoic acid Stearic acid
A fatty acid used to harden and emulsify, made from plant or animal fats.
E570 · INCI Stearic Acid · emulsifier · 21 CFR 172.860
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Octocrilene Octocrylene
An organic UVB filter commonly included to keep avobenzone from breaking down in light.
INCI Octocrylene · UV filter
Cosmetics
-
An organic UVB filter commonly included to keep avobenzone from breaking down in light.
INCI Octocrylene · UV filter
Cosmetics
-
Olive squalane Squalane
Squalane produced from olive oil or olive pomace rather than from shark liver.
INCI Squalane · emollient · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Ovalbumin Egg
A major food allergen with no labelling exemptions, so every derivative it appears in must be declared.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
Ovomucoid Egg
A major food allergen with no labelling exemptions, so every derivative it appears in must be declared.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
Ovovitellin Egg
A major food allergen with no labelling exemptions, so every derivative it appears in must be declared.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food
-
An organic ultraviolet filter that is measurably absorbed into blood after ordinary sunscreen use.
INCI Benzophenone-3 · UV filter · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Oyster shell calcium Calcium carbonate
A supplement source made from ground shell rather than by chemical process. Not a food additive form.
E170 · INCI Calcium Carbonate · mineral · 21 CFR 184.1191
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
P
-
Palm kernel oil Palm oil
An oil from the fruit of the oil palm, used in food, cosmetics and as a source for many additives.
oil · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
An oil from the fruit of the oil palm, used in food, cosmetics and as a source for many additives.
oil · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Palm olein Palm oil
An oil from the fruit of the oil palm, used in food, cosmetics and as a source for many additives.
oil · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Palm stearin Palm oil
An oil from the fruit of the oil palm, used in food, cosmetics and as a source for many additives.
oil · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Palm wax Carnauba wax
A hard wax from the leaves of a Brazilian palm, used to put a shine on sweets and pills.
E903 · INCI Copernicia Cerifera Cera · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1978
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Palmitate Palm oil
An oil from the fruit of the oil palm, used in food, cosmetics and as a source for many additives.
oil · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Provitamin B5, used as a humectant and conditioning agent in hair and skin products.
INCI Panthenol · humectant · 21 CFR 310.527
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Pantothenic acid Panthenol
The vitamin panthenol converts into once it is in the skin.
INCI Panthenol · humectant · 21 CFR 310.527
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
A family of preservatives used in cosmetics at fractions of a percent to stop bacteria and mould.
INCI Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Paraffin oil Mineral oil
A highly purified petroleum-derived oil, permitted as a skin protectant drug active at 50 to 100 percent.
INCI Mineral Oil · occlusive · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Paraffinum liquidum Mineral oil
A highly purified petroleum-derived oil, permitted as a skin protectant drug active at 50 to 100 percent.
INCI Mineral Oil · occlusive · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Paraffinum Liquidum Petrolatum
The INCI name for mineral oil on a European cosmetic label.
INCI Petrolatum · occlusive · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Paraffinum Molle Petrolatum
A refined petroleum jelly used to seal skin and stop water loss, listed as a skin protectant.
INCI Petrolatum · occlusive · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Parahydroxybenzoate Parabens
A family of preservatives used in cosmetics at fractions of a percent to stop bacteria and mould.
INCI Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Parfum Benzyl salicylate
A floral-smelling fragrance material, and one of the fragrance allergens EU labels must name individually.
INCI Benzyl Salicylate · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Parsol 1789 Avobenzone
An organic UVA filter that degrades in sunlight unless a formula includes stabilising ingredients.
INCI Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane · UV filter
Cosmetics
-
Parsol Shield Bemotrizinol
A broad-spectrum ultraviolet filter added to the US sunscreen monograph in June 2026 at up to 6 percent.
INCI Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine · UV filter
Cosmetics
-
A legume, not a tree nut, and one of the nine major food allergens that must be declared by name.
legume · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Pecan Tree nuts
A group of nuts from trees, treated as one allergen in law though people react to specific species.
nut · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
The substance that makes jam set, extracted from citrus peel and apple pomace.
E440 · gelling agent · 21 CFR 184.1588
Food, Supplements
-
PEG-20 sorbitan monooleate Polysorbate 80
An emulsifier made from sorbitol and oleic acid, used to keep oil and water mixed in food, cosmetics and medicines.
E433 · INCI Polysorbate 80 · emulsifier · 21 CFR 172.840
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Perhydrosqualene Squalane
A hydrogenated emollient produced from either shark liver oil or vegetable oils, under one shared INCI name.
INCI Squalane · emollient · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Peru balsam Balsam of Peru
A natural resin used in fragrance and flavouring, and a major contact allergen tested as a mixture.
INCI Myroxylon Pereirae Resin · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
A refined petroleum jelly used to seal skin and stop water loss, listed as a skin protectant.
INCI Petrolatum · occlusive · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Petroleum jelly Petrolatum
A refined petroleum jelly used to seal skin and stop water loss, listed as a skin protectant.
INCI Petrolatum · occlusive · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
PG Propylene glycol
A synthetic liquid that holds moisture and carries flavours, used in food, cosmetics and medicines.
E1520 · INCI Propylene Glycol · humectant · 21 CFR 184.1666
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Pharmaceutical glaze Shellac
A resin secreted by the lac insect, used for the shine on sweets, chocolate and tablets.
E904 · glazing agent
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
PhE Phenoxyethanol
A preservative used in cosmetics, permitted in Europe at up to one percent.
INCI Phenoxyethanol · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
A preservative used in cosmetics, permitted in Europe at up to one percent.
INCI Phenoxyethanol · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Phenoxytol Phenoxyethanol
A preservative used in cosmetics, permitted in Europe at up to one percent.
INCI Phenoxyethanol · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Phosphatidylcholine Soy lecithin
An emulsifier extracted from soybeans, used to stop ingredients separating.
E322 · INCI Lecithin · emulsifier · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Photostabilised avobenzone Avobenzone
Avobenzone formulated with another filter or additive that slows its breakdown in light.
INCI Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane · UV filter
Cosmetics
-
Phylloquinone Vitamin K
A group of vitamins the body needs for blood clotting, found mainly in green leafy vegetables.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Phytonadione Vitamin K
The pharmaceutical name for vitamin K1.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Phytosphingosine Ceramides
Lipids that make up much of the skin barrier, alongside fatty acids and cholesterol.
INCI Ceramide NP · lipid · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Pigment White 6 Titanium dioxide
A bright white pigment, also used as the mineral filter in some sunscreens.
E171 · colour
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Pink salt Sodium nitrite
A curing salt that fixes the colour of cured meat and inhibits bacterial growth, including botulism.
E250 · preservative · 21 CFR 172.175
Food
-
Pistachio Tree nuts
A group of nuts from trees, treated as one allergen in law though people react to specific species.
nut · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Pix carbonis Coal tar
A drug active for dandruff and psoriasis, permitted at 0.5 to 5 percent with mandatory concentration labelling.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
Plain caramel Caramel colour
A brown colouring made by heating a sugar, used in cola, sauces, bread and spirits.
E150 · INCI Caramel · colour · 21 CFR 73.85
Food, Cosmetics
-
Poligeenan Carrageenan
A degraded low-molecular-weight substance used in research and imaging, never authorised as a food additive. Not what is in your food.
E407 · thickener · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate Polysorbate 80
An emulsifier made from sorbitol and oleic acid, used to keep oil and water mixed in food, cosmetics and medicines.
E433 · INCI Polysorbate 80 · emulsifier · 21 CFR 172.840
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Polysorbate 60 Polysorbate 80
A related emulsifier, E435, built from stearic acid rather than oleic acid. Same origin question, different fatty acid.
E433 · INCI Polysorbate 80 · emulsifier · 21 CFR 172.840
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
An emulsifier made from sorbitol and oleic acid, used to keep oil and water mixed in food, cosmetics and medicines.
E433 · INCI Polysorbate 80 · emulsifier · 21 CFR 172.840
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Pomelo Grapefruit
A citrus fruit that slows the enzyme clearing many medicines, raising their levels in the blood.
food
Food, Supplements
-
Porcine gelatin Gelatin
Gelatin made specifically from pigs.
gelling agent · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate Potassium sorbate
A preservative that stops mould and yeast growing in food, drinks and cosmetics.
E202 · INCI Potassium Sorbate · preservative
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Potassium bisulfite Sulfites
A group of preservatives that stop browning and spoilage, used in dried fruit, wine and some processed potato.
E220 · preservative · 21 CFR 101.100
Food, Cosmetics
-
A flour treatment agent permitted in US bromated flour at up to 50 parts per million.
flour treatment · 21 CFR 137.155
Food
-
Potassium bromate (KBrO3) Potassium bromate
A flour treatment agent permitted in US bromated flour at up to 50 parts per million.
flour treatment · 21 CFR 137.155
Food
-
Potassium caseinate Casein
The main protein in milk, and the part that curdles to make cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Potassium caseinate Caseinates
Milk protein combined with sodium, calcium or potassium so that it dissolves in liquid.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Potassium iodide Iodine
A mineral the thyroid uses to make its hormones, needed at about 140 micrograms a day by adults.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Potassium metabisulfite Sulfites
A group of preservatives that stop browning and spoilage, used in dried fruit, wine and some processed potato.
E220 · preservative · 21 CFR 101.100
Food, Cosmetics
-
A preservative that stops mould and yeast growing in food, drinks and cosmetics.
E202 · INCI Potassium Sorbate · preservative
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Prague powder Sodium nitrite
A curing salt that fixes the colour of cured meat and inhibits bacterial growth, including botulism.
E250 · preservative · 21 CFR 172.175
Food
-
Prawn Shellfish
An everyday word covering crustaceans and molluscs, which labelling rules treat as separate allergens.
seafood · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Precipitated chalk Calcium carbonate
A calcium mineral used as a supplement, an antacid, a whitener and a bulking agent.
E170 · INCI Calcium Carbonate · mineral · 21 CFR 184.1191
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Precipitated sulfur Sulfur
An element used as a drug active for acne at 3 to 10 percent and for dandruff at 2 to 5 percent.
drug active · 21 CFR 333.310
Cosmetics
-
Processed Eucheuma seaweed Carrageenan
A closely related seaweed extract with its own number, E 407a, evaluated together with carrageenan.
E407 · thickener · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Propane-1,2-diol Propylene glycol
A synthetic liquid that holds moisture and carries flavours, used in food, cosmetics and medicines.
E1520 · INCI Propylene Glycol · humectant · 21 CFR 184.1666
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
A synthetic liquid that holds moisture and carries flavours, used in food, cosmetics and medicines.
E1520 · INCI Propylene Glycol · humectant · 21 CFR 184.1666
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Propylene glycol alginate Propylene glycol
A seaweed alginate reacted with propylene glycol, used as a thickener. A different additive, E405, with its own uses.
E1520 · INCI Propylene Glycol · humectant · 21 CFR 184.1666
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Propylparaben Parabens
A family of preservatives used in cosmetics at fractions of a percent to stop bacteria and mould.
INCI Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben · preservative · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Provitamin A Beta-carotene
The orange pigment of carrots, used as a colour and converted by the body into vitamin A.
E160a · colour · 21 CFR 73.95
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Provitamin B5 Panthenol
Provitamin B5, used as a humectant and conditioning agent in hair and skin products.
INCI Panthenol · humectant · 21 CFR 310.527
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Psicose Allulose
A monosaccharide absorbed but barely metabolised, left out of the sugar line on US labels by FDA decision.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Pteroylglutamic acid Folic acid
The manufactured form of folate, added to foods and supplements and carrying an authorised US health claim.
nutrient · 21 CFR 101.79
Supplements, Food
-
A polymer made by fermenting starch with a fungus, used for capsule shells and edible films.
E1204 · film former · 21 CFR 101.4
Supplements, Food
-
Pullulan capsule Pullulan
A polymer made by fermenting starch with a fungus, used for capsule shells and edible films.
E1204 · film former · 21 CFR 101.4
Supplements, Food
-
Pullulan film Pullulan
The thin edible sheet used for breath strips and oral films.
E1204 · film former · 21 CFR 101.4
Supplements, Food
-
An over-the-counter drug active for dandruff, permitted at 0.3 to 2 percent in wash-off products.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
R
-
Rare sugar Allulose
A monosaccharide absorbed but barely metabolised, left out of the sugar line on US labels by FDA decision.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Reb A Stevia
Sweet compounds extracted from the stevia leaf, several hundred times sweeter than sugar.
E960 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Rebaudioside A Stevia
Sweet compounds extracted from the stevia leaf, several hundred times sweeter than sugar.
E960 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Rebaudioside M Stevia
Sweet compounds extracted from the stevia leaf, several hundred times sweeter than sugar.
E960 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
A synthetic pink-red colour whose US food listing was revoked in 2025, taking effect in 2027.
E127 · colour · 21 CFR 74.303
Food, Supplements
-
A synthetic red colour certified batch by batch in the US, carrying a warning statement requirement in the EU.
E129 · colour · 21 CFR 74.340
Food, Supplements
-
Red 40 Lake Red 40
The insoluble pigment form, used where the colour must not dissolve.
E129 · colour · 21 CFR 74.340
Food, Supplements
-
Red dye 40 Red 40
A synthetic red colour certified batch by batch in the US, carrying a warning statement requirement in the EU.
E129 · colour · 21 CFR 74.340
Food, Supplements
-
Red No. 3 Red 3
A synthetic pink-red colour whose US food listing was revoked in 2025, taking effect in 2027.
E127 · colour · 21 CFR 74.303
Food, Supplements
-
Reduced iron Ferrous sulfate
Powdered metallic iron used to fortify flour and cereal rather than a salt.
mineral · 21 CFR 101.17(e)
Food, Supplements
-
Regaine Minoxidil
A topical drug approved over the counter in 1996 for hair regrowth, originally developed for high blood pressure.
drug active · 21 CFR 310.527
Cosmetics
-
Rennet Enzymes
A specific clotting enzyme preparation, traditionally from calf stomach. The named case of the general word.
processing aid · 21 CFR 133.106
Food, Supplements
-
The enzyme that curdles milk into cheese, taken from a calf stomach or produced by fermentation.
enzyme · 21 CFR 184.1685
Food
-
Rennet casein Casein
The main protein in milk, and the part that curdles to make cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Rennin Rennet
The enzyme that curdles milk into cheese, taken from a calf stomach or produced by fermentation.
enzyme · 21 CFR 184.1685
Food
-
Resinous glaze Shellac
A resin secreted by the lac insect, used for the shine on sweets, chocolate and tablets.
E904 · glazing agent
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Retinal Retinol
A form of vitamin A used in skincare, which the skin converts before it acts.
INCI Retinol · skin conditioning
Cosmetics
-
Retinaldehyde Retinol
A form of vitamin A used in skincare, which the skin converts before it acts.
INCI Retinol · skin conditioning
Cosmetics
-
A form of vitamin A used in skincare, which the skin converts before it acts.
INCI Retinol · skin conditioning
Cosmetics
-
Retinol palmitate Retinyl palmitate
The mildest vitamin A ester in skincare, which the skin converts twice before it acts.
INCI Retinyl Palmitate · skin conditioning · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Retinyl palmitate Retinol
A form of vitamin A used in skincare, which the skin converts before it acts.
INCI Retinol · skin conditioning
Cosmetics
-
The mildest vitamin A ester in skincare, which the skin converts twice before it acts.
INCI Retinyl Palmitate · skin conditioning · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Retinyl propionate Retinol
A form of vitamin A used in skincare, which the skin converts before it acts.
INCI Retinol · skin conditioning
Cosmetics
-
Rhodinol Geraniol
A rose-scented terpene alcohol used in fragrance, and a recognised contact allergen.
INCI Geraniol · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Rogaine Minoxidil
A topical drug approved over the counter in 1996 for hair regrowth, originally developed for high blood pressure.
drug active · 21 CFR 310.527
Cosmetics
-
Rose oil Geraniol
A rose-scented terpene alcohol used in fragrance, and a recognised contact allergen.
INCI Geraniol · fragrance · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food
-
Roucou Annatto
An orange-yellow colour extracted from the seed of the achiote shrub, used in cheese and butter.
E160b · colour · 21 CFR 73.30
Food, Cosmetics
-
Runny honey Honey
Sugar made by bees. Guidance in every market is that it is not given to a child under twelve months.
sweetener
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
S
-
The oldest artificial sweetener, restricted by US regulation to special dietary foods at fixed milligram limits.
E954 · sweetener · 21 CFR 180.37
Food, Supplements
-
Saccharin sodium Saccharin
The sodium salt, the form used in most tabletop sweeteners.
E954 · sweetener · 21 CFR 180.37
Food, Supplements
-
An acid that loosens the material blocking pores, used in acne and exfoliating products.
INCI Salicylic Acid · exfoliant
Cosmetics
-
SDS Sodium lauryl sulfate
A detergent that makes shampoo, shower gel and toothpaste foam.
INCI Sodium Lauryl Sulfate · surfactant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Se Selenium
A mineral needed at 60 to 75 micrograms a day, with a supplement ceiling of 350 micrograms.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Sea kelp Iodine
A mineral the thyroid uses to make its hormones, needed at about 140 micrograms a day by adults.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
A mineral needed at 60 to 75 micrograms a day, with a supplement ceiling of 350 micrograms.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Selenium disulfide Selenium sulfide
An anti-dandruff drug active permitted at exactly 1 percent, or 0.6 percent micronised.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
An anti-dandruff drug active permitted at exactly 1 percent, or 0.6 percent micronised.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
Selenium sulphide Selenium sulfide
The same active, spelled the British way.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
Selenium yeast Selenium
A mineral needed at 60 to 75 micrograms a day, with a supplement ceiling of 350 micrograms.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Selenomethionine Selenium
A mineral needed at 60 to 75 micrograms a day, with a supplement ceiling of 350 micrograms.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Selsun Selenium sulfide
An anti-dandruff drug active permitted at exactly 1 percent, or 0.6 percent micronised.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
A seed that became the ninth US major food allergen, declared by name on packaged food since 2023.
seed
Food
-
Sesame flour Sesame
A seed that became the ninth US major food allergen, declared by name on packaged food since 2023.
seed
Food
-
Sesame seed Sesame
A seed that became the ninth US major food allergen, declared by name on packaged food since 2023.
seed
Food
-
Sesamum indicum Sesame
A seed that became the ninth US major food allergen, declared by name on packaged food since 2023.
seed
Food
-
Set honey Honey
Sugar made by bees. Guidance in every market is that it is not given to a child under twelve months.
sweetener
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
A resin secreted by the lac insect, used for the shine on sweets, chocolate and tablets.
E904 · glazing agent
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
An everyday word covering crustaceans and molluscs, which labelling rules treat as separate allergens.
seafood · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Shrimp Shellfish
An everyday word covering crustaceans and molluscs, which labelling rules treat as separate allergens.
seafood · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Silica INCI name Silicon dioxide
A mineral powder that stops other powders clumping, chemically the same family as sand and quartz.
E551 · INCI Silica · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 172.480
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
-
A mineral powder that stops other powders clumping, chemically the same family as sand and quartz.
E551 · INCI Silica · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 172.480
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
-
Silicon dioxide, synthetic amorphous Silicon dioxide
A mineral powder that stops other powders clumping, chemically the same family as sand and quartz.
E551 · INCI Silica · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 172.480
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
-
Simethicone Dimethicone
A silicone used to smooth and to form a light barrier, listed as a skin protectant at a stated strength.
INCI Dimethicone · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Siraitia grosvenorii Monk fruit
A sweetener from Siraitia grosvenorii fruit, cleared for general use in the US and only partly authorised in the EU.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
SJW St John's wort
A herbal supplement taken for low mood that speeds the clearance of many prescription medicines.
botanical
Supplements
-
SLES Sodium lauryl sulfate
A detergent that makes shampoo, shower gel and toothpaste foam.
INCI Sodium Lauryl Sulfate · surfactant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
SLS Sodium lauryl sulfate
A detergent that makes shampoo, shower gel and toothpaste foam.
INCI Sodium Lauryl Sulfate · surfactant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Sodium acetylated hyaluronate Hyaluronic acid
A modified form intended to sit on the skin surface for longer.
INCI Sodium Hyaluronate · humectant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Sodium ascorbate Ascorbic acid
The most studied topical form of vitamin C, whose effect depends on a concentration and pH the label omits.
E300 · INCI Ascorbic Acid · antioxidant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food, Supplements
-
A preservative that stops mould and yeast in acidic foods, made by neutralising benzoic acid.
E211 · INCI Sodium Benzoate · preservative · 21 CFR 184.1733
Food, Cosmetics
-
Sodium bisulfite Sulfites
A group of preservatives that stop browning and spoilage, used in dried fruit, wine and some processed potato.
E220 · preservative · 21 CFR 101.100
Food, Cosmetics
-
Sodium caseinate Casein
The main protein in milk, and the part that curdles to make cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Sodium caseinate Caseinates
Milk protein combined with sodium, calcium or potassium so that it dissolves in liquid.
protein · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Supplements
-
Sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium lauryl sulfate
A detergent that makes shampoo, shower gel and toothpaste foam.
INCI Sodium Lauryl Sulfate · surfactant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Sodium glutamate Monosodium glutamate
A flavour enhancer made by fermentation, and the sodium salt of an amino acid found in tomatoes and cheese.
E621 · flavour enhancer · 21 CFR 101.22
Food
-
Sodium Hyaluronate INCI name Hyaluronic acid
A humectant that holds water in the skin, and occurs naturally in skin and connective tissue.
INCI Sodium Hyaluronate · humectant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Sodium iodide Iodine
A mineral the thyroid uses to make its hormones, needed at about 140 micrograms a day by adults.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Sodium lactate Lactic acid
The sodium salt of lactic acid, E325, used as a preservative and humectant. Same origin question.
E270 · INCI Lactic Acid · acidity regulator · 21 CFR 184.1061
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Sodium laureth sulfate Sodium lauryl sulfate
A detergent that makes shampoo, shower gel and toothpaste foam.
INCI Sodium Lauryl Sulfate · surfactant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
A detergent that makes shampoo, shower gel and toothpaste foam.
INCI Sodium Lauryl Sulfate · surfactant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Sodium metabisulfite Sulfites
A group of preservatives that stop browning and spoilage, used in dried fruit, wine and some processed potato.
E220 · preservative · 21 CFR 101.100
Food, Cosmetics
-
Sodium nitrate Sodium nitrite
E251, converted to nitrite during curing. Related but not the same additive.
E250 · preservative · 21 CFR 172.175
Food
-
A curing salt that fixes the colour of cured meat and inhibits bacterial growth, including botulism.
E250 · preservative · 21 CFR 172.175
Food
-
Sodium palmate Palm oil
An oil from the fruit of the oil palm, used in food, cosmetics and as a source for many additives.
oil · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Sodium saccharin Saccharin
The oldest artificial sweetener, restricted by US regulation to special dietary foods at fixed milligram limits.
E954 · sweetener · 21 CFR 180.37
Food, Supplements
-
Sodium salicylate Salicylic acid
An acid that loosens the material blocking pores, used in acne and exfoliating products.
INCI Salicylic Acid · exfoliant
Cosmetics
-
Sodium selenite Selenium
A mineral needed at 60 to 75 micrograms a day, with a supplement ceiling of 350 micrograms.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Sodium stearate Stearic acid
The sodium salt, which is the main constituent of most bar soap.
E570 · INCI Stearic Acid · emulsifier · 21 CFR 172.860
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Sodium sulfite Sulfites
A group of preservatives that stop browning and spoilage, used in dried fruit, wine and some processed potato.
E220 · preservative · 21 CFR 101.100
Food, Cosmetics
-
Soft paraffin Petrolatum
A refined petroleum jelly used to seal skin and stop water loss, listed as a skin protectant.
INCI Petrolatum · occlusive · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Solubilised coal tar Coal tar
A processed fraction used where crude tar would be impractical.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
Sorbic acid, potassium salt Potassium sorbate
A preservative that stops mould and yeast growing in food, drinks and cosmetics.
E202 · INCI Potassium Sorbate · preservative
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
A sugar alcohol used to sweeten sugar-free products, made by hydrogenating sugars.
E420 · INCI Sorbitol · sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1835
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Sorbitol syrup Sorbitol
A sugar alcohol used to sweeten sugar-free products, made by hydrogenating sugars.
E420 · INCI Sorbitol · sweetener · 21 CFR 184.1835
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Sour salt Citric acid
The sour acid of citrus fruit, made industrially by fermentation and used for tartness and pH control.
E330 · INCI Citric Acid · acidity regulator · 21 CFR 184.1033
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
An emulsifier extracted from soybeans, used to stop ingredients separating.
E322 · INCI Lecithin · emulsifier · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Soya lecithin Soy lecithin
An emulsifier extracted from soybeans, used to stop ingredients separating.
E322 · INCI Lecithin · emulsifier · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Soybean lecithin Soy lecithin
An emulsifier extracted from soybeans, used to stop ingredients separating.
E322 · INCI Lecithin · emulsifier · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Splenda Sucralose
A sweetener made by replacing three groups on a sugar molecule with chlorine, several hundred times sweeter than sugar.
E955 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.831
Food, Supplements
-
A hydrogenated emollient produced from either shark liver oil or vegetable oils, under one shared INCI name.
INCI Squalane · emollient · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Squalene Squalane
The unsaturated parent molecule, less stable and more prone to oxidation than squalane.
INCI Squalane · emollient · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
A herbal supplement taken for low mood that speeds the clearance of many prescription medicines.
botanical
Supplements
-
Stearic acid Magnesium stearate
The fatty acid magnesium stearate is made from, which can come from animal or vegetable fat.
E572 · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 184.1440
Supplements, Food
-
A fatty acid used to harden and emulsify, made from plant or animal fats.
E570 · INCI Stearic Acid · emulsifier · 21 CFR 172.860
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Sweet compounds extracted from the stevia leaf, several hundred times sweeter than sugar.
E960 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Stevia rebaudiana extract Stevia
Sweet compounds extracted from the stevia leaf, several hundred times sweeter than sugar.
E960 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Steviol glycosides Stevia
Sweet compounds extracted from the stevia leaf, several hundred times sweeter than sugar.
E960 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Stevioside Stevia
Sweet compounds extracted from the stevia leaf, several hundred times sweeter than sugar.
E960 · sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Sublimed sulfur Sulfur
An element used as a drug active for acne at 3 to 10 percent and for dandruff at 2 to 5 percent.
drug active · 21 CFR 333.310
Cosmetics
-
A sweetener made by replacing three groups on a sugar molecule with chlorine, several hundred times sweeter than sugar.
E955 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.831
Food, Supplements
-
Sugarcane squalane Squalane
Squalane produced by fermentation from sugarcane.
INCI Squalane · emollient · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Sulfates Sodium lauryl sulfate
A detergent that makes shampoo, shower gel and toothpaste foam.
INCI Sodium Lauryl Sulfate · surfactant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
A group of preservatives that stop browning and spoilage, used in dried fruit, wine and some processed potato.
E220 · preservative · 21 CFR 101.100
Food, Cosmetics
-
An element used as a drug active for acne at 3 to 10 percent and for dandruff at 2 to 5 percent.
drug active · 21 CFR 333.310
Cosmetics
-
Sulfur and resorcinol Sulfur
A permitted acne combination, where sulfur is capped at 3 to 8 percent.
drug active · 21 CFR 333.310
Cosmetics
-
Sulfur dioxide Sulfites
A group of preservatives that stop browning and spoilage, used in dried fruit, wine and some processed potato.
E220 · preservative · 21 CFR 101.100
Food, Cosmetics
-
Sulphites Sulfites
A group of preservatives that stop browning and spoilage, used in dried fruit, wine and some processed potato.
E220 · preservative · 21 CFR 101.100
Food, Cosmetics
-
Sulphur Sulfur
An element used as a drug active for acne at 3 to 10 percent and for dandruff at 2 to 5 percent.
drug active · 21 CFR 333.310
Cosmetics
-
Sulphur dioxide Sulfites
A group of preservatives that stop browning and spoilage, used in dried fruit, wine and some processed potato.
E220 · preservative · 21 CFR 101.100
Food, Cosmetics
-
Sunett Acesulfame potassium
A trade name for acesulfame potassium.
E950 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.800
Food, Supplements
-
Sweet One Acesulfame potassium
A sweetener about two hundred times sweeter than sugar, permitted in the US as both a sweetener and a flavour enhancer.
E950 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.800
Food, Supplements
-
Sweet whey Whey
The milk protein that stays in the liquid when milk is curdled for cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 184.1979
Food, Supplements
-
Swingle fruit extract Monk fruit
A sweetener from Siraitia grosvenorii fruit, cleared for general use in the US and only partly authorised in the EU.
sweetener · 21 CFR 101.9
Food, Supplements
-
Symphytum officinale Allantoin
Comfrey, the plant allantoin was first isolated from; extracts vary in how much they contain.
INCI Allantoin · skin protectant · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
T
-
Tahini Sesame
A seed that became the ninth US major food allergen, declared by name on packaged food since 2023.
seed
Food
-
A mined magnesium silicate used in powders and cosmetics, from deposits that can also contain asbestos.
INCI Talc · absorbent · 21 CFR 73.1550
Cosmetics
-
Talc powder Talc
The bulk mineral as sold for body or baby powder.
INCI Talc · absorbent · 21 CFR 73.1550
Cosmetics
-
Talcum powder Talc
A mined magnesium silicate used in powders and cosmetics, from deposits that can also contain asbestos.
INCI Talc · absorbent · 21 CFR 73.1550
Cosmetics
-
Tapioca maltodextrin Maltodextrin
Starch broken into short sugar chains, made from corn, potato or rice, and in Europe sometimes wheat.
bulking agent · 21 CFR 184.1444
Food, Supplements
-
A synthetic yellow colouring, used in drinks, sweets and desserts.
E102 · colour
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole BHA
An antioxidant that stops fats going rancid, used in cereals, snacks and cosmetics.
E320 · INCI BHA · antioxidant · 21 CFR 172.110
Food, Cosmetics
-
Theine Caffeine
A stimulant that occurs naturally in coffee, tea and cocoa and is added to drinks and supplements.
stimulant · 21 CFR 182.1180
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Til Sesame
A seed that became the ninth US major food allergen, declared by name on packaged food since 2023.
seed
Food
-
Tinosorb S Bemotrizinol
A broad-spectrum ultraviolet filter added to the US sunscreen monograph in June 2026 at up to 6 percent.
INCI Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine · UV filter
Cosmetics
-
TiO2 Titanium dioxide
A bright white pigment, also used as the mineral filter in some sunscreens.
E171 · colour
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
A bright white pigment, also used as the mineral filter in some sunscreens.
E171 · colour
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Titanium white Titanium dioxide
A bright white pigment, also used as the mineral filter in some sunscreens.
E171 · colour
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Tocopherol INCI name Tocopherols
Vitamin E used as an antioxidant, extracted from plant oils or made synthetically.
E306 · INCI Tocopherol · antioxidant · 21 CFR 184.1890
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Vitamin E used as an antioxidant, extracted from plant oils or made synthetically.
E306 · INCI Tocopherol · antioxidant · 21 CFR 184.1890
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Tocopheryl acetate Tocopherols
Vitamin E used as an antioxidant, extracted from plant oils or made synthetically.
E306 · INCI Tocopherol · antioxidant · 21 CFR 184.1890
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Topical minoxidil foam Minoxidil
A foam formulation, typically propylene glycol free.
drug active · 21 CFR 310.527
Cosmetics
-
A group of nuts from trees, treated as one allergen in law though people react to specific species.
nut · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Tretinoin (prescription) Retinol
A form of vitamin A used in skincare, which the skin converts before it acts.
INCI Retinol · skin conditioning
Cosmetics
-
Trichlorogalactosucrose Sucralose
A sweetener made by replacing three groups on a sugar molecule with chlorine, several hundred times sweeter than sugar.
E955 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.831
Food, Supplements
-
Trideceth-12 Amodimethicone
An emulsifier usually listed alongside amodimethicone rather than a silicone itself.
INCI Amodimethicone · conditioner · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics
-
Triticum vulgare gluten Hydrolysed wheat protein
Wheat protein broken into smaller fragments, used in shampoos, conditioners and some foods.
INCI Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein · conditioning agent
Cosmetics, Food
-
Tween 80 Polysorbate 80
An emulsifier made from sorbitol and oleic acid, used to keep oil and water mixed in food, cosmetics and medicines.
E433 · INCI Polysorbate 80 · emulsifier · 21 CFR 172.840
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Type I collagen Collagen
The structural protein of animal skin and bone, sold as a supplement and used in cosmetics.
protein · 21 CFR 101.36
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
Type II collagen Collagen
The structural protein of animal skin and bone, sold as a supplement and used in cosmetics.
protein · 21 CFR 101.36
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
U
-
Uvinul N 539 Octocrylene
A trade name for octocrylene.
INCI Octocrylene · UV filter
Cosmetics
V
-
Vanilla flavouring Vanillin
An unregulated term. Unlike vanilla extract, it has no standard of identity behind it.
flavouring · 21 CFR 169.175
Food, Cosmetics
-
The compound that makes vanilla taste of vanilla, produced from beans, wood pulp or by synthesis.
flavouring · 21 CFR 169.175
Food, Cosmetics
-
Vegetable capsule Hypromellose
A capsule shell made from plant cellulose rather than from gelatin.
E464 · film former · 21 CFR 172.874
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
-
Vegetable glycerin Glycerin
Glycerin the maker states was made from vegetable oil rather than animal fat.
E422 · INCI Glycerin · humectant · 21 CFR 182.1320
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Vegetable magnesium stearate Magnesium stearate
Magnesium stearate the maker states was made from vegetable rather than animal fat.
E572 · anticaking agent · 21 CFR 184.1440
Supplements, Food
-
Vegetable oil Palm oil
A collective term US labels may use without naming which oil, which is often palm.
oil · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Vegetarian capsule Hypromellose
A cellulose derivative made from plants, used for capsule shells and to coat tablets.
E464 · film former · 21 CFR 172.874
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
-
Vegetarian rennet Rennet
A coagulant made without animal material, usually microbial or fermentation-produced.
enzyme · 21 CFR 184.1685
Food
-
Veggie cap Hypromellose
A cellulose derivative made from plants, used for capsule shells and to coat tablets.
E464 · film former · 21 CFR 172.874
Supplements, Food, Cosmetics
-
Vitamin A Retinol
A form of vitamin A used in skincare, which the skin converts before it acts.
INCI Retinol · skin conditioning
Cosmetics
-
Vitamin A ester Retinyl palmitate
The mildest vitamin A ester in skincare, which the skin converts twice before it acts.
INCI Retinyl Palmitate · skin conditioning · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Vitamin A palmitate Retinyl palmitate
The mildest vitamin A ester in skincare, which the skin converts twice before it acts.
INCI Retinyl Palmitate · skin conditioning · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Vitamin B3 Niacinamide
A form of vitamin B3 used in skincare, which raises the skin's own ceramide and fatty acid production.
INCI Niacinamide · skin active · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Vitamin B7 Biotin
A B vitamin needed in very small amounts, sold at high doses for hair and known to interfere with some blood tests.
nutrient · 21 CFR 310.527
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
Vitamin B9 Folic acid
The manufactured form of folate, added to foods and supplements and carrying an authorised US health claim.
nutrient · 21 CFR 101.79
Supplements, Food
-
Vitamin B12 Cyanocobalamin
The manufactured form of vitamin B12, grown from bacterial cultures rather than extracted from animals.
nutrient · 21 CFR 184.1945
Supplements, Food
-
Vitamin C Ascorbic acid
The most studied topical form of vitamin C, whose effect depends on a concentration and pH the label omits.
E300 · INCI Ascorbic Acid · antioxidant · 21 CFR 701.3
Cosmetics, Food, Supplements
-
Vitamin D-3 Vitamin D3
The animal-derived form of vitamin D, against D2 which is made from yeast and fungi.
vitamin · 21 CFR 184.1950
Supplements, Food
-
Vitamin D2 Vitamin D3
Ergocalciferol, produced by irradiating ergosterol from yeast and fungi. The plant-suitable form, not the same molecule as D3.
vitamin · 21 CFR 184.1950
Supplements, Food
-
The animal-derived form of vitamin D, against D2 which is made from yeast and fungi.
vitamin · 21 CFR 184.1950
Supplements, Food
-
Vitamin E Tocopherols
Vitamin E used as an antioxidant, extracted from plant oils or made synthetically.
E306 · INCI Tocopherol · antioxidant · 21 CFR 184.1890
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Vitamin H Biotin
A B vitamin needed in very small amounts, sold at high doses for hair and known to interfere with some blood tests.
nutrient · 21 CFR 310.527
Supplements, Cosmetics, Food
-
A group of vitamins the body needs for blood clotting, found mainly in green leafy vegetables.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Vitamin K1 Vitamin K
A group of vitamins the body needs for blood clotting, found mainly in green leafy vegetables.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Vitamin K2 Vitamin K
A group of vitamins the body needs for blood clotting, found mainly in green leafy vegetables.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
W
-
Walnut Tree nuts
A group of nuts from trees, treated as one allergen in law though people react to specific species.
nut · 21 CFR 101.4
Food, Cosmetics
-
Wheat amino acids Hydrolysed wheat protein
Wheat protein broken into smaller fragments, used in shampoos, conditioners and some foods.
INCI Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein · conditioning agent
Cosmetics, Food
-
Wheat maltodextrin Maltodextrin
Starch broken into short sugar chains, made from corn, potato or rice, and in Europe sometimes wheat.
bulking agent · 21 CFR 184.1444
Food, Supplements
-
The milk protein that stays in the liquid when milk is curdled for cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 184.1979
Food, Supplements
-
Whey powder Whey
The milk protein that stays in the liquid when milk is curdled for cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 184.1979
Food, Supplements
-
Whey protein Whey
The milk protein that stays in the liquid when milk is curdled for cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 184.1979
Food, Supplements
-
The milk protein that stays in the liquid when milk is curdled for cheese.
protein · 21 CFR 184.1979
Food, Supplements
-
Whey protein isolate Whey
Whey with most of the lactose and fat removed. Still milk protein.
protein · 21 CFR 184.1979
Food, Supplements
-
White beeswax Beeswax
The wax bees build honeycomb from, used to glaze sweets and to give body to balms.
E901 · INCI Cera Alba · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1973
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
White mineral oil Mineral oil
A highly purified petroleum-derived oil, permitted as a skin protectant drug active at 50 to 100 percent.
INCI Mineral Oil · occlusive · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
White petrolatum Petrolatum
A refined petroleum jelly used to seal skin and stop water loss, listed as a skin protectant.
INCI Petrolatum · occlusive · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Willow bark extract (as a natural source) Salicylic acid
An acid that loosens the material blocking pores, used in acne and exfoliating products.
INCI Salicylic Acid · exfoliant
Cosmetics
-
Wood sugar Xylitol
A sugar alcohol as sweet as sugar, used in gum and toothpaste, which mouth bacteria cannot ferment.
E967 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.395
Food, Supplements
-
Wool alcohols Lanolin
The same fraction under the name used on European patch test panels and some labels.
INCI Lanolin · emollient · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Wool fat Lanolin
Wax from sheep wool, used to soften and seal skin, and a recognised contact allergen.
INCI Lanolin · emollient · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
-
Wool wax Lanolin
Wax from sheep wool, used to soften and seal skin, and a recognised contact allergen.
INCI Lanolin · emollient · 21 CFR 347.10
Cosmetics
X
-
Xanthan Xanthan gum
A thickener made by bacterial fermentation, and the usual replacement for gluten in gluten-free baking.
E415 · thickener · 21 CFR 172.695
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
A thickener made by bacterial fermentation, and the usual replacement for gluten in gluten-free baking.
E415 · thickener · 21 CFR 172.695
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
-
Xylit Xylitol
A sugar alcohol as sweet as sugar, used in gum and toothpaste, which mouth bacteria cannot ferment.
E967 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.395
Food, Supplements
-
A sugar alcohol as sweet as sugar, used in gum and toothpaste, which mouth bacteria cannot ferment.
E967 · sweetener · 21 CFR 172.395
Food, Supplements
Y
-
Yellow 5 Tartrazine
A synthetic yellow colouring, used in drinks, sweets and desserts.
E102 · colour
Food, Supplements, Cosmetics
-
Yellow beeswax Beeswax
The wax bees build honeycomb from, used to glaze sweets and to give body to balms.
E901 · INCI Cera Alba · glazing agent · 21 CFR 184.1973
Food, Cosmetics, Supplements
Z
-
A mineral needed at 7 to 9.5 milligrams a day, with a supplement ceiling of 25 milligrams.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Zinc citrate Zinc
A mineral needed at 7 to 9.5 milligrams a day, with a supplement ceiling of 25 milligrams.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Zinc gluconate Zinc
A mineral needed at 7 to 9.5 milligrams a day, with a supplement ceiling of 25 milligrams.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Zinc lozenges Zinc
A high-dose form taken for colds, where the daily total is easy to lose track of.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Zinc omadine Pyrithione zinc
An over-the-counter drug active for dandruff, permitted at 0.3 to 2 percent in wash-off products.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
A white mineral used as a physical sunscreen, a nappy rash cream and a pigment.
INCI Zinc Oxide · UV filter · 21 CFR 347.3
Cosmetics
-
Zinc picolinate Zinc
A mineral needed at 7 to 9.5 milligrams a day, with a supplement ceiling of 25 milligrams.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Zinc pyrithione Pyrithione zinc
An over-the-counter drug active for dandruff, permitted at 0.3 to 2 percent in wash-off products.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics
-
Zinc sulfate Zinc
A mineral needed at 7 to 9.5 milligrams a day, with a supplement ceiling of 25 milligrams.
nutrient
Supplements, Food
-
Zinc white Zinc oxide
A white mineral used as a physical sunscreen, a nappy rash cream and a pigment.
INCI Zinc Oxide · UV filter · 21 CFR 347.3
Cosmetics
-
ZPT Pyrithione zinc
An over-the-counter drug active for dandruff, permitted at 0.3 to 2 percent in wash-off products.
drug active · 21 CFR 358.710
Cosmetics